1- Honey hygiene Flashcards
Name the structural bees that are part of a colony
Queen bee (1)
Royal court = Worker bees that surround the queen bee
Worker bee (60,000)
Drones (2,000)
Why are queen cells made?
Queen substance becomes less concentrated as the colony grows = Workers will produce queen cells once it is low enough (No suppression)
Upon mating, what happens to the drone?
Reproductive organs explode = Causing the death of the male
What do honeybees feed on?
Nectar from flowers
How is honey produced?
Nectar collected from flowers is broken down by invertase (enzyme) into glucose & fructose.
Nectar regurgitated into storage cells = Here the water content is reduced via evaporation
Honey!
What are the 4 main groups of pharmacologically active substances found in honey?
Methylglyoxal
Bee defensin
Melanoidins
Jellies
Mode of action of Methylglyoxal
Prevents DNA replication
Antimicorbial
Mode of action of Bee defensin
Punch holes into the membrane of bacteria
Antimicrobial peptide
Mode of action of Melanoidins
Interaction with sugars/amino acids
Cl.botulinum relevance in honey
Viable spores found in honey = can cause infant botulism
Do not feed honey to children under 12 months
Name 4 residues that are tested for in honey
Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines, Sulphonamides
Name 3 notifiable diseases found in honeybees
American Foul Brood & European Foul Brood
Tropilaelaps
Small hive beetle
Impact of varroa on honeybees in the UK
Is a reportable disease of bees
Parasitic mite that feeds on honey bees
Deformed wing virus= causes atrophy of wings of developing bees= can’t fly, feed or defend
is reportable
Method of action of jelleins
antimicrobial peptides derived from honey bees
What is the national bee unit
part of defra
To achieve a sustainable and healthy population of honey bees for pollination and honey production in England and Wales via strengthened partnership working between Government and other stakeholders
