1- Ante-mortem and post-mortem 2

Question 1

list control strategies for Taenia saginata- Cysticercus bovis

Answer 1

Treat cattle with praziquantel
Cook meat thoroughly before eating
Careful inspection of meat

Question 2

List control strategies for Taenia solium – Cysticercus cellulosae

Answer 2

Treat disease in humans and use vaccination and anthelmintics in animals
Should also improve sanitation and animal husbandry/biosecurity in endemic areas
Careful meat inspection and proper processing of meat products

Question 3

List control strategies for Taenia ovis- Cysticercus ovis

Answer 3

Stop dogs from eating sheep carcases
Worm dogs with praziquantel

Question 4

List control strategies of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 4

Banning feeding of raw swill to pigs and good meat inspection
No longer widespread since implementing these measures
Rat control (these can spread disease)
If suspicious, heat pork meat to 60 degrees for 1 min (don’t freeze as this won’t kill all species of parasite)
Avoid eating undercooked meats

Question 5

Describe the lifecycle of Taenia saginata

Answer 5

1. Cow ingests embryonated eggs
2. Eggs hatch and oncospheres migrate to tissues, becoming cysticerci in muscle tissue
3. Cysticerci is ingested by human in undercooked beef
4. Cysticerci is released from muscle into human stomach
5. Worms mature and live in SI
6. Gravid proglottids pass in human faeces, and is ingested by cattle

Question 6

does taenia saginata have a big impact on human health

Answer 6

Most people with this infection have mild or no symptoms
mostly of economic importance

Question 7

Describe the lifecycle of Taenia solium

Answer 7

1. Pig ingests embryonated eggs
2. Eggs hatch and oncospheres migrate to tissues, becoming cysticerci in muscle tissue
3. Cysticerci is ingested by human in undercooked pork
4. Cysticerci is released from muscle into human stomach
5. Worms mature and live in LI
6. Gravid proglottids pass in human faeces, and is ingested by pig

Question 8

Describe the relevance of taenia solium to human health

Answer 8

Infection causes few clinical symptoms
Ingested eggs develop into cysticerci larvae (if these enter nervous system can cause neurological symptoms, including epileptic seizures)
Causes 30% of epilepsy cases in many endemic areas

Question 9

Describe the lifecycle of Taenia ovis

Answer 9

1. Adults worms in SI of dogs
2. Embryonated eggs pass in dog faeces
3. Sheep ingests embryonated eggs
4. Eggs hatch and oncospheres migrate to tissues, becoming cysticerci in muscle tissue
5. Cysticerci is ingested by dog in undercooked lamb
6. Worms mature and live in SI
7. Gravid proglottids pass in faeces and is ingested by sheep

Question 10

Describe the relevance of Taenia ovis to human health

Answer 10

Not zoonotic to humans

Question 11

Describe the lifecycle of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 11

Pig ingests meat containing cysts with larvae inside
Humans become infected by ingesting undercooked pork
Larvae are released from cyst in human stomach, and migrate to SI, penetrating the mucosa
Develop into adults here
After 1 week, females release larvae which migrate to striated muscles where they encyst
Cycle only continues if encysted larvae are ingested by another carnivore

Question 12

Describe the relevance of Trichinella spiralis to human health

Answer 12

Causes serious disease, despite not affecting animals
Symptoms depend on stage of infection