1 Introduction to FPGA technology

Question 1

Analogue and digital signal graphs?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is an analog signal?

Answer 2

While analog systems represent the actual information from a physical signal,

Question 3

What is a digital signal?

Answer 3

digital systems encode the information. Digital systems use 0’s and 1’s to encode a physical signal. This type of signaling is known as discrete.

Question 4

As a starting point for understanding, transistor action consider a reverse biased pn junction?

Answer 4

I₀ is made up of minority carrier fluxes

If the density of minority carriers reaching the depletion region edge could be increased then the reverse saturation current would increase to I₁ I₂ I₃ etc.

The device output conductance dI/dV remains low, therefore it acts as a current source as required.

Question 5

How does a forward bias pn junction act as a source of extra minority carriers?

Answer 5

When holes in flux J’_ph enter n-type region they become minority carriers

Also when electrons in flux J’ne enter p-type region they become minority carriers.