1. Behavioural confirmation effects

Question 1

What does explain mean? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 1

To make clear or intelligible (causal process)

Question 2

What is Ross and Nisbett (1991) known for? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 2

The tripod on which social psychology rests

Question 3

What were Ross and Nisbett (1991) three proposals? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 3

• Principle of situationism
• Principle of construal
• Concept of tension systems

Question 4

What is the principle of situationism? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 4

Social context in which people find themselves has an impact on their own psychology

Question 5

What is the principle of construal? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 5

Interpretation people make on the situation they are in

Question 6

What is the concept of tension systems? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 6

Individuals are always in a state of tension and resolution that leads to psychological phenomena

Question 7

What did Ross and Nisbett add in 2011? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 7

Self related processes (peoples sense of the self is important in social psychology)

Question 8

What does Ichheiser believe people form judgements on? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 8

• Physical appearance
• Behaviour
• Situational factors (job/home)
• Communication from others
• Communication from oneself

Question 9

What does Ichhesier believe people misinterpret personality on? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 9

• Overestimation of the unity of personality (people aren’t the same in different contexts)
• Use of success and failures
• Stereotypes
• Limits of insight

Question 10

What did Merton (1940) believe? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 10

• Self fulfilling prophecy

- False definition of the situation evoking a new behaviour in which the false concept becomes true

Question 11

What were the procedures of Snyder, Tanke & Bersheid (1977)? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 11

• P’s told they would be paired up (but did not meet)
• P’s provided with information of their ‘partner’
• Males given photo of their partner, females given no photo of their partner
• Males rate partner on personality questionnaire
• Females rate own personality
• Phone call to the pair where independent judges make opinions of the call

Question 12

What did Snyder, Tanke & Bersheid (1977) find? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 12

• Males rated more attractive females as more friendly, social and skilled
• Males (talking to attractive females) were more social and sexually warm

Question 13

What did Pronin (2008) find? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 13

• Perceived own self through introspection

- Perceived others through extrospection

Question 14

What is introspection? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 14

Looking inwards through thoughts and feelings

Question 15

What is extrospection? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 15

Looking outward to observable behaviours

Question 16

What is a positive illusion? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 16

People have inflated views of themselves, stemming from attentional focus on ones desires

Question 17

What is interpersonal knowledge? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 17

People overestimate how much they can learn about others from brief encounters

Question 18

What is pluralistic ignorance? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 18

Misconstruing thoughts and motives of others

Question 19

What is conformity? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 19

People are influenced by those around them

Question 20

What does Parfit argue? (Confirmation effects Social)

Answer 20

People are nothing more than successions of different overlapping selves