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Body Structures H&N > 06c: Orbit > Flashcards

06c: Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

Eyelids are composed of (X), which are sandwiched by (Y) anteriorly and (Z) posteriorly.

A 
X = small tarsal plates
Y = skin and muscle (orbicularis oculi)
Z = conjunctiva
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2
Q

Tarsal glands are located in/on (X) and function to (Y).

A 
X = in tarsal plate
Y = produce fluid that prevents eyelids from sticking together
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3
Q

Black eye develops as result of:

A

Extravasated/accumulated blood into subcutaneous tissue and skin of eyelids

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4
Q

T/F: Tears are continuously produced by lacrimal glands.

A

True

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5
Q

Blinking wipes tears in which direction? List the progressive structures into which they drain.

A

Lateral to medial;

  1. Superior and inferior lacrimal puncta
  2. Superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi
  3. Lacrimal sac
  4. Nasolacrimal duct
  5. Inferior nasal meatus
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6
Q

What’s the explanation for blinking causing increased tear production?

A

Lacrimal gland divided into orbital/palpebral parts by levator palpebrae superioris tendon; blinking “milks” tears from gland

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7
Q

Parasympathetics to lacrimal gland via (X) have which effects?

A

X = CN 7

Secretomotor to gland and vasodilation

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8
Q

Sympathetics to lacrimal gland via (X) have which effects?

A

X = sympathetic trunk

Vasoconstriction

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9
Q

List pathway of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal gland prior to synapse on (X).

A

X = pterygopalatine ganglion

  1. CN 7 (Greater petrosal)
  2. Nerve to pterygoid canal
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10
Q

List pathway of post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal gland following synapse on (X).

A

X = pterygopalatine ganglion

  1. Zygomatic nerve
  2. Zygomaticotemporal nerve
  3. Lacrimal nerve
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11
Q

(Pre/post)-ganglionic sympathetics for CN 7 enter skull via (X) and become (Y).

A

Post;
X = internal carotid plexus
Y = deep petrosal nerve

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12
Q

Deep petrosal nerve carries (X) and joins (Y) on its path, just prior to (Z).

A 
X = sympathetics to lacrimal gland
Y = greater petrosal nerve
Z = synapse on pterygopalatine ganglion
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13
Q

T/F: Nerve of pterygoid canal carries sympathetics to lacrimal gland.

A

True - both parasympathetic (greater petrosal) and sympathetic (deep petrosal)

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14
Q

Tears spilling over inferior eyelid is indicative of (X) nerve damage. Explain.

A

X = CN 7

Orbicularis oculi loss of function; abnormal blinking results in excessive lacrimation and abnormal tear drainage.

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15
Q

List the muscles involved in moving eyelid. Include the nerve(s) innervating each.

A
  1. Orbicularis oculi (CN VII)
  2. Levator palpebrae superioris (CN III)
  3. Superior tarsal muscle (sympathetics)
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16
Q

Damage to CN 3 causes ptosis, aka (Y), due to loss of innervation of (Z).

A 
Y = drooping eyelid
Z = levator palpebrae superioris
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17
Q

Action of superior tarsal muscle.

A

Elevates eyelid during sympathetic response (ex: fear)

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18
Q

Which nerves involved in afferent and efferent pathways for corneal (blink) reflex?

A

Afferent: CN V (V1) to cornea via short/long ciliary nn
Efferent: CN VII to orbicularis oculi

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19
Q

What’s the periorbita?

A

Periosteum of orbit (lining inner surface)

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20
Q

List the bones that make up the orbit.

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Sphenoid
  3. Ethmoid
  4. Maxilla
  5. Zygomatic
  6. Lacrimal
  7. Palatine
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21
Q

T/F: Temporal bone contributes to orbit.

A

False

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22
Q

T/F: Palatine bone contributes to orbit.

A

True

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23
Q

T/F: Nasal bone contributes to orbit.

A

False

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24
Q

Infraorbital groove is in close proximity with (X) (fissure/foramen). It’s a landmark on which bone?

A

X = inferior orbital fissure

Maxilla

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25
Q

Orbital margin is strong, so a “blowout fracture” may typically impact (X) wall of orbit instead. Which spaces affected?

A

X = medial/inferior

Medial: ethmoidal/sphenoid sinuses
Inferior: maxillary sinus

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26
Q

Many structures traveling between interior skull and orbit pass through (X). List the nerves that pass through.

A

X = cavernous sinus

CN 3, 4, 5 (V1, V2), 6

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27
Q

(Axes of orbits/optical axes) diverge at (X) degrees.

A

Axes of orbits;

X = 45

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28
Q

Direction/line of sight is represented by (X) axes, which are parallel to each other.

A

X = optical

29
Q

Base of orbit is (anterior/posterior) and apex is (anterior/posterior).

A

Anterior; Posterior

30
Q

(X) of orbit is site of entry for neurovascular structures.

A

X = apex

31
Q

Most muscles attach (anteriorly/posteriorly) at (base/apex) of orbit.

A

Posteriorly; apex

32
Q

List the extra-ocular muscles. Star those with nerve supply that differs from the typical (X) nerve.

A

X = CN III

  1. Lev. palpebrae superioris
  2. Lateral rectus* (CN 6)
  3. Medial rectus
  4. Superior rectus
  5. Inferior rectus
  6. Superior oblique* (CN 4)
  7. Inferior oblique
33
Q

The (X) acts as a pulley for which extra-ocular muscle?

A

X = trochlea

Superior oblique

34
Q

(X) is common tendinous ring in (base/apex) of eye to which (Y) muscles attach.

A

X = annulus of Zinn
Apex;
Y = the 4 recti muscles

35
Q

Which extra-ocular muscles contribute to intorsion of eye?

A

Superior rectus and superior oblique

36
Q

Superior oblique originates toward (lateral/medial) part of orbit. Inferior oblique originates toward (lateral/medial) part of orbit.

A

Both medial

37
Q

T/F: Both extra-ocular oblique muscles insert on posterior part of sclera.

A

True

38
Q

Which extra-ocular muscles contribute to extorsion of eye?

A

Inferior rectus and inferior oblique

39
Q

Eyeball in neutral position. Which muscle(s) responsible for elevation of eyeball?

A

Superior rectus and inferior oblique

40
Q

Eyeball is abducted. Which muscle(s) responsible for elevation of eyeball?

A

Superior rectus

41
Q

Eyeball is adducted. Which muscle(s) responsible for elevation of eyeball?

A

Inferior oblique

42
Q

List the actions of eye that are controlled by autonomic NS. Specify if it’s parasympathetic/sympathetic.

A
  1. Focusing/accommodation (parasympathetic)
  2. Constriction (para) and dilation (symp)
  3. Involuntary eyelid elevation (symp)
43
Q

Focusing/accommodation of eye involves innervation from (X) to (smooth/skeletal) muscle within (Y).

A

X = CN III
Smooth;
Y = ciliary body

44
Q

In focusing/accommodation of eye, the shape of (X) is changing.

A

X = lens

45
Q

Constriction of pupil involves (para/symp) innervation to (X) muscle.

A

Parasympathetic;

X = constrictor (sphincter) pupillae

46
Q

Dilation of pupil involves (para/symp) innervation to (X) muscle.

A

Sympathetic;

X = dilator pupillae

47
Q

T/F: Sympathetic fibers travel through long ciliary nerve, but not short ciliary nerve.

A

False - but mostly through long ciliary

48
Q

Sphincter pupillae innervated by:

A

CN III

49
Q

Formal term for max constriction.

A

Miosis

50
Q

Formal term for max dilation.

A

Mydriasis

51
Q

Morphine can cause (miosis/mydriasis).

A

Miosis

52
Q

Migraine can cause (miosis/mydriasis).

A

Mydriasis

53
Q

Neurovascular structures that pass through superior orbital fissure.

A
  1. CN 3, 4, 5 (V1), 6

2. Superior opthalmic vein

54
Q

Neurovascular structures that pass through supraorbital foramen.

A

Supraorbital artery and nerve (V1)

55
Q

Neurovascular structures that pass through supratrochlear foramen.

A

Supratrochlear artery and nerve (V1)

56
Q

Neurovascular structures that pass through anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina.

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, veins, and nerves (V1)

57
Q

Neurovascular structures that pass through nasolacrimal canal.

A

Nasolacrimal duct

58
Q

Neurovascular structures that pass through infraorbital canal.

A
  1. Zygomatic and infraorbital nerves (V2)
  2. Infraorbital artery and vein
  3. Inferior opthalmic vein
59
Q

Neurovascular structures that pass through inferior orbital fissure.

A

Infraorbital artery, vein, and nerve (V2)

60
Q

Which bones make up superior wall of orbit?

A

Frontal (primarily)

61
Q

Superior wall of orbit is also the floor of:

A

Anterior cranial fossa

62
Q

Which bones make up medial wall of orbit?

A

Ethmoid and lacrimal bones

63
Q

The paper-thin lamina papyracea separates which spaces?

A

Orbit and ethmoid air cells

64
Q

Which bones make up lateral wall of orbit?

A

Zygomatic and greater wing of sphenoid

65
Q

Which bones make up floor of orbit?

A

Maxilla (and small portion from palatine)

66
Q

Branches of ophthalmic artery correspond to branches of (X) nerve.

A

X = ophthalmic (V1)

Ethmoidal, supraorbital, suprateochlear, lacrimal

67
Q

Anastomoses between (X) veins may result in spread of infection from eye/nose to cavernous sinus.

A

X = angular (to facial vein) and ophthalmic veins (to cavernous sinus)

68
Q

List structures passing through optic canal.

A
  1. Sympathetics
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Ophthalmic artery
  4. Central artery of retina (within nerve)

Body Structures H&N (14 decks)

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