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Body Structures H&N > 04a: Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

04a: Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

List the regions that make up the pharynx.

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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2
Q

Superior and inferior borders of nasopharynx.

A

Base of skull to distal uvula

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3
Q

Superior and inferior borders of oropharynx.

A

Distal uvula to apex of epiglottis

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4
Q

Superior and inferior borders of laryngopharynx.

A

Apex of epiglottis to arytenoid cartilage

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5
Q

Posterior anchor of pharynx is formed by (X) tissue and formally called (Y).

A 
X = (thin) connective
Y = pharyngeal raphe
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6
Q

The (X) muscles, which is/are the largest pharynx muscle(s), originate(s) on:

A

X = superior, middle, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Pharyngeal raphe

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7
Q

The characteristic “gaps” in lateral walls of pharynx are between:

A
  1. Base of skull and superior pharyngeal constrictor
  2. Superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors
  3. Lower border of hyoid and upper thyroid cartilage
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8
Q

Upper pharyngeal gap is covered by (X).

A

X = pharyngobasilar fascia

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9
Q

The (X) pharyngeal gap transmits a ligament, nerve, and muscle. Name them.

A

X = middle

  1. Stylohyoid ligament
  2. CN IX
  3. Stylopharyngeus muscle
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10
Q

The (X) pharyngeal gap is completed by (Y) ligament and transmits (Z) neurovascular bundle.

A 
X = lower
Y = thyrohyoid
Z = internal laryngeal
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11
Q

List the muscles associated with pharynx.

A
  1. Pharyngeal constrictors (3)
  2. Stylopharyngeus
  3. Salpingopharyngeus
  4. Palatopharyngeus
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12
Q

Tonsils are masses of (X) tissue. List the specific types of tonsils.

A

X = lymphoid

  1. Lingual
  2. Pharyngeal
  3. Palatine
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13
Q

Lingual tonsils location.

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

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14
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils location.

A

Above and behind pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube

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15
Q

Palatine tonsils location.

A

Fossa between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (in oral cavity)

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16
Q

Larynx lies anterior to which vertebrae?

A

C3-6

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17
Q

Laryngopharynx is located where, wrt larynx?

A

Posterior

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18
Q

Which key ligaments suspend (X), the “clothes hanger” for the larynx?

A

X = hyoid bone

Stylohyoid ligaments

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19
Q

List the single, unpaired cartilages of the larynx.

A
  1. Thyroid
  2. Cricoid
  3. Epiglottic
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20
Q

(Smallest/largest) cartilage of larynx is also the most superficial. Which cartilage is this?

A

Largest;

Thyroid

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21
Q

Which structure forms the Adam’s Apple?

A

Thyroid cartilage (of larynx)

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22
Q

(X) guards the opening of the trachea.

A

X = epiglottic cartilage

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23
Q

(X) cartilage attaches to the first ring of the trachea.

A

X = cricoid

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24
Q

The body of the larynx is formed by which two principal structures?

A

Thyroid and cricoid cartilages

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25
Q

(X) and (Y) cartilages of larynx articulate by two hinge joints.

A 
X = thyroid
Y = cricoid
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26
Q

List the paired cartilages of the larynx.

A
  1. Arytenoid
  2. Corniculate
  3. Cuneiform
  4. Cartilagio triticea
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27
Q

Arytenoid cartilages are located atop (X). List the ways in which they can move.

A

X = cricoid cartilage

Rotate; slide forward or laterally

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28
Q

(X) cartilages resemble small horns and are located atop (Y).

A 
X = corniculate
Y = arytenoid cartilages
29
Q

(X) cartilages are embedded in ari-epiglottic folds. What’s the function?

A

X = cuneiform

Stiffen it to prevent inward collapsing

30
Q

(X) laryngeal cartilages, literally meaning “rice-grain” are teensy bits of cartilage embedded in (Y) ligament.

A 
X = cartilagio triticea;
Y = thyrohyoid
31
Q

List the principle synovial joints in laryngeal apparatus. Which motion found at each?

A
  1. Cricothyroid (hinge)

2. Crico-arytenoid (sliding and rotation)

32
Q

Unlike intrinsic muscles, extrinsic muscles of larynx contract and move (X) relative to (Y).

A 
X = entire larynx
Y = surrounding structures
33
Q

List extrinsic elevator muscles of larynx.

A
  1. Geniohyoid
  2. Stylohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Digastric
34
Q

List extrinsic depressor muscles of larynx.

A
  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Thyrohyoid
35
Q

(X) is the only external muscle of larynx that acts on the internal (Y) joint. What’s its action?

A

X = Y = cricothyroid

  1. Flexion of cricothyroid joint (forward)
  2. Increase tension on vocal cords
36
Q

List intrinsic muscles of larynx (yes - all of them)…

A
  1. Cricoarytenoids (posterior and lateral)
  2. Thyroarytenoid (ft. Vocalis)
  3. Transverse and oblique arytenoids
  4. Aryepiglotticus
37
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoids contract and cause (X) action for (Y) purpose.

A 
X = Wide aperture; vocal folds open (via rotation of arytenoids)
Y = inhalation
38
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoids contract and cause:

A

Vocal folds to close; narrow aperture (via rotation of arytenoids)

39
Q

Eustachian, aka (X), tube, has what type of texture in its proximal/distal parts?

A

X = pharyngotympanic

Bony (proximal) and cartilaginous (distal)

40
Q

Eustachian tube is a tube that runs between (X) and (Y).

A 
X = tympanic cavity
Y = pharynx
41
Q

List muscles that help open/close eustachian tube. Which nerves innervate each?

A
  1. Tensor veli palatini (V3 of CN V)
  2. Levator veli palatini (CN X)
  3. Tensor tympani (V3 of CN V)
  4. Sphyngopharyngeus (CN X)
42
Q

Arytenoid cartilages articulate with cricoid cartilage (anteriorly/posteriorly) and (superiorly/inferiorly).

A

Posteriorly; superiorly

43
Q

Cricoid cartilage has lateral facets for articulation with (X) process of (Y).

A 
X = inferior horn
Y = thyroid cartilage
44
Q

Laryngeal prominence of (X) cartilage is on which surface?

A

X = thyroid

Anterior

45
Q

Epiglottic cartilage is attached to (X) via (Y) ligament.

A 
X = thyroid cartilage
Y = thyro-epiglottic ligament
46
Q

Epiglottic tubercle is on which surface of epiglottis?

A

Posterior

47
Q

List the processes (and respective direction they face) of arytenoid cartilage.

A
  1. Apex (superior)
  2. Muscular (lateral)
  3. Vocal (anterior)
48
Q

Thickening of thyrohyoid membrane forms (X) ligaments laterally and (Y) ligament medially.

A 
X = lateral thyrohyoid 
Y = median thyrohyoid
49
Q

The true vocal ligament is formed by:

A

Upper free margin of the cricothyroid ligament

50
Q

What’s the conus elasticus?

A

Lateral portions of cricothyroid ligament

51
Q

Upper border of quadrangular membrane.

A

Lateral border of epiglottis

52
Q

“False” vocal ligaments are formed by:

A

Thickening of lower border of quadrangular membrane

53
Q

What are the anterior and posterior attachments of the false vocal, aka (X) ligaments?

A

X = vestibular;

Arytenoid/corniculate cartilages and inside of thyroid cartilage

54
Q

What forms the true and false vocal cords?

A

Mucosa of larynx forms true (vocal) and false (vestibular) folds around the vocal and vestibular ligaments

55
Q

Inward slips of (X) muscle fibers project right into the true vocal cords. This inward projection of muscle is called (Y).

A 
X = thyroarytenoid
Y = vocalis
56
Q

Free margin of true vocal cord has which type of tissue lining?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)

57
Q

Transverse and oblique arytenoid muscle contract and causes:

A

Closing/adduction of vocal cords

58
Q

Oblique arytenoid muscle contracts and causes:

A

Closing of vocal cords (via rotation of arytenoids)

59
Q

Sensory innervation to larynx at level of (X). Anything below receives innervation via (Y).

A

X = vocal fold
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve;
Y = recurrent laryngeal nerve

60
Q

T/F: All innervation of larynx derived from Vagus nerve.

A

True

61
Q

List blood supply to larynx and the arteries each branch stems from.

A
  1. Superior thyroid (external carotid)
  2. Superior laryngeal (superior thyroid)
  3. Inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk)
  4. Inferior laryngeal (inferior thyroid)
62
Q

T/F: The plexus of veins draining larynx parallels the arteries.

A

True

63
Q

Superior laryngeal vein drains into (X), which drains into (Y).

A 
X = superior thyroid vein
Y = internal jugular vein
64
Q

Inferior laryngeal vein drains into (X), which drains into (Y).

A 
X = inferior thyroid vein
Y = brachiocephalic vein
65
Q

Vocalis action:

A

Fine-tunes locations at which vocal folds are tense/loose

66
Q

The (X) nerve that accompanies the superior thyroid artery is damaged during surgery. This injury impairs cricothyroid muscle, causing (increase/decrease) in tension of vocal cords.

A

X = external laryngeal

Decrease

67
Q

T/F: Posterior cricoarytenoids are the sole abductors of the vocal folds.

A

True

68
Q

The tendon of the (X) curves around the pterygoid hamulus to insert on (Y).

A 
X = tensor veli palitini
Y = soft palate

Body Structures H&N (14 decks)

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