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Body Structures H&N > 02c: CNS Cells > Flashcards

02c: CNS Cells Flashcards

1
Q

CSF exists in (X) space, between which meningeal layers?

A

X = subarachnoid;

Arachnoid and pia

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2
Q

List the two potential spaces associated with meninges, where blood can collect during hemorrhage.

A

Epidural and subdural

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3
Q

Tearing of (X) vessel where it meets dural venous sinus likely results in subdural hemorrhage.

A

X = cerebral vein (where it meets dural venous sinus)

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4
Q

Tearing of (X) vessel likely results in epidural hemorrhage.

A

X = meningeal artery of skull

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5
Q

(Like/unlike) other regions of body, fluid in blood (can/cannot) have unrestricted access to brain.

A

Unlike; cannot

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6
Q

T/F: BBB exists in all regions of brain.

A

False - most, except for few small regions

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7
Q

T/F: There’s only one mechanism by which substances are transported across BBB.

A

False - diverse mechanisms

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8
Q

Neuroglial cells are divided into which categories? They’re divided based on (X).

A

X = size

Microglia and macroglia

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9
Q

Astrocytes are in which specific category of (X) cells?

A

X = neuroglial

Macroglia

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10
Q

Oligodendrocytes are in which specific category of (X) cells?

A

X = neuroglial

Macroglia

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11
Q

(Astrocytes/oligodendrocytes) have more compact nucleus.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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12
Q

Which cells responsible for immuno surveillance/patrol in brain?

A

Microglia

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13
Q

T/F: Brain does not have a lymphatic system.

A

True

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14
Q

Localized damage in brain will initially activate fast directional movement of (X) cells in attempt to do (Y).

A 
X = microglia
Y = contain injury
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15
Q

(X) form myelin in CNS.

A

X = oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

Each process of (X) cell contacts and myelinates (Y) number of CNS axons.

A 
X = oligodendrocyte
Y = one
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17
Q

Each (X) cell contacts and myelinates (Y) number of CNS axons.

A 
X = oligodendrocyte 
Y = multiple
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18
Q

T/F: Oligodendrocyte cell size depends on size of axon/amount of myelin.

A

True

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19
Q

T/F: Amount of myelin on axon depends on number of processes of oligodendrocyte.

A

False

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20
Q

T/F: There is notable loss of neurons with age.

A

False

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21
Q

T/F: Normal aging affects myelination/axons.

A

True

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22
Q

Star-shaped macroglia, aka (X), include which types?

A

X = astrocytes

Protoplasmic and fibrous

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23
Q

A (X) astrocyte is found near cell body, aka (grey/white) matter.

A

X = protoplasmic;

Grey

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24
Q

A (X) astrocyte is found near cell axon, aka (grey/white) matter.

A

X = fibrous;

white

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25
Q

Astroctye general functions:

A
  1. Regulate ionic composition
  2. Provide metabolic support
  3. Recycle NT
  4. GFAP (intermediate filaments) provide structural support
  5. Insulation of synapses/nodes of ranvier
26
Q

GFAP stands for (X).

A

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

27
Q

Parts of neuron that aren’t covered by synapses are covered by:

A

Astrocytes

28
Q

(X) processes have end feet which cover (Y).

A 
X = astrocytes
Y = blood vessels and brain/SC surface
29
Q

End feet of (X) that form membrane around (Y) is formally called (Z).

A 
X = astrocytes
Y = brain/SC
Z = glia limitans
30
Q

Large populations of astrocytes are connected by:

A

Gap junctions

31
Q

Neuron is damaged. How do astrocytes respond?

A
  1. Strip synapses (isolate damaged neuron)
  2. Physical barrier to regeneration
  3. Proliferate and wall off area of injury (astrocytic scar)
32
Q

Substance can pass into extracellular space by which mechanisms?

A
  1. Paracellular (between cells)
  2. Vesicular transport (through cells)
  3. Fenestration (through pores in endothelium)
33
Q

The BBB exists between which vessels/space?

A

Between capillaries and extracellular fluid

34
Q

Which specific cells of which specific vessels form the BBB?

A

Endothelial cells of brain capillaries

35
Q

T/F: BBB has few caveolae and few pores.

A

False - NO pores

36
Q

T/F: The massive amount of gap junctions form the tight BBB seal.

A

False - massive amount of tight junctions

37
Q

(X) surround capillaries and provide secondary protective mechanism to assist BBB.

A

X = astrocytes

38
Q

(X) substances diffuse through BBB.

A

X = lipophilic (lipids, O2, CO2)

39
Q

(X) substances undergo facilitated transport through BBB.

A

X = glucose

40
Q

Most substances transported through BBB via:

A

Active transport

41
Q

Pericytes exist in (X) and function to (Y).

A 
X = basement membrane of BBB
Y = contribute to structural integrity of vasculature
42
Q

Which area(s) of brain allow for blood monitoring via contact with vascular space?

A
  1. Area postrema (floor of 4th ventricle)

2. Subfornical organ (near hypothalamus)

43
Q

Initiation of vomiting reflex is done by (X).

A

X = area postrema

44
Q

Subfornical organ functions to:

A

Detect osmolarity of blood

45
Q

(X) area(s) in brain secrete hormones/prohormones into blood.

A

X = pineal gland and hypothalamus

46
Q

Areas of brain that indiscriminately contact substances in blood are “walled off” from rest of brain via:

A

Tanycytes (modified astrocytes that form barrier)

47
Q

T/F: Astrocytes provide structural support to brain that isn’t very good.

A

True

48
Q

CSF makes brain weight feel (X) times lighter.

A

X = 30

49
Q

T/F: CSF functions both to support brain weight and buffer external forces.

A

True

50
Q

List the ventricles in the brain. Star those that produce CSF.

A
  1. Lateral ventricles (2)*
  2. Third ventricle*
  3. Fourth ventricle*
51
Q

Where does CSF flow once it flows out of the (X), and last, ventricle?

A

X = fourth;

Into subarachnoid space

52
Q

Cerebral ventricles are lined by (X) cells, formally called (Y).

A 
X = epithelial
Y = ependymal
53
Q

T/F: The ependymal cells form multiple thick layers.

A

False - one thick layer

54
Q

T/F: The ependymal cells are not strongly connected.

A

True

55
Q

The cerebral ventricles are lined by (X) cells that contain which key projections?

A

X = epithelial (ependymal)

Cilia

56
Q

(X) cells produce CSF. They’re derived from (Y) cells and contain which key projections?

A 
X = choroidal
Y = ependymal

Microvilli

57
Q

Choroidal cells are (simple/cuboidal/columnar). They line (X) vessels that have which characteristic?

A

Columnar;
X = capillaries

Fenestrated (hole-y)

58
Q

T/F: CSF is made from plasma, but has different ionic composition than blood.

A

True

59
Q

The Blood-CSF Barrier is formed by what?

A

Tight junctions between the choroidal cells that surround capillaries

60
Q

Apertures in (X) ventricle allow CSF to gain access to subarachnoid space. List these apertures.

A

X = fourth

  1. Foramina of Luskha (2) (lateral)
  2. Foramen of Magendie (median)
61
Q

Drainage of CSF out of subarachnoid space and into (X) is through (Y) structures.

A 
X = superior sagittal sinus
Y = arachnoid granulations
62
Q

The (X) provides insight into metabolic status of CNS.

A

X = CSF

Body Structures H&N (14 decks)

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