06a CNS Development Flashcards
Neural-inducing factors are secreted by (X) and act to signal differentiation of (Y) into (Z).
X = notochord and surrounding paraxial mesoderm Y = overlying ectoderm Z = neural plate
The entire CNS arises from:
Neuroectoderm (ectoderm of neural plate)
Neurulation is the process by which:
Neural plate forms neural tube
What are the openings on either end of neural tube referred to?
Rostral and caudal neuropores
Lumen of neural tube becomes (X) in adult.
X = ventricular system (brain) and central canal (SC), filled with CSF
In SC development, the neural tube is initially comprised of (X) cells that are (Y) layers thick.
X = germinal neuroepithelial Y = one
In SC development, as (X) cells migrate to form second layer, the first layer of (Y) is renamed “ventricular zone” and later becomes (Z) layer.
X = neuroblasts Y = germinal neuroepithelium Z = ependymal
In SC development, once (X) cells migrate to form second layer, thickening and differentiation take place and layer becomes referred to as (Y).
X = neuroblasts Y = mantle (intermediate zone)
In SC development, the outermost layer, (X), is formed from:
X = marginal zone
Axonal processes from mantle (intermediate) zone
(X) demarcates the alar (sensory/motor) and basal (sensory/motor) plates.
X = sulcus limitans
Sensory; motor
(Visceral/somatic) (motor/sensory) nuclei are located adjacent to midline axis in SC.
Visceral sensory and motor
(Visceral/somatic) (motor/sensory) nuclei are located toward lateral edges of grey matter in SC.
Somatic motor and sensory
Intraembryonic (X) tissue forms somites. Each somite forms its own:
X = paraxial mesoderm
Sclerotome, myotome, dermatome
Cranial neural tube forms three primary vesicles. Name them.
Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
Primary vesicles of neural tube further subdivide to form five secondary vesicles. List them and the respective primary vesicles each arose from.
- Telencephalon (pros)
- Diencephalon (pros)
- Mesencephalon (mes)
- Metencephalon (rhomb)
- Myelencephalon (rhomb)
List the flexures that the neural tube undergoes. Indicate if it’s a flexure on dorsal or ventral surface. Star the ones that persist.
- Mesencephalic (ventral)*
- Cervical (ventral)
- Pontine (dorsal)
Basic organization of brainstem nuclei along ventricular floor (from medial to lateral)
- Somatic motor
- Branchial motor
- Visceral motor
- Visceral sensory
- Somatic sensory
- Special sensory
T/F: not all types of brainstem nuclei are found at each brainstem level.
True
Cerebellum cortex formed during development by migration of (X) from (Y) layer.
X = neuroblasts Y = mantle zone
The diencephalon is developed/comprised entirely of (X) cells that form three swellings. List them (ventral to dorsal)
X = alar plate neuroblasts
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
The telencephalon is developed/formed entirely from (X) cells.
X = alar plate neuroblast
Disproportionate growth between (X) poles of cerebral hemisphere cause them to appear rotated about central axis, called (Y).
X = frontal and temporal Y = insular cortex
The (X) is an important midline membrane that separates (Y) secondary vesicles during brain development. During cerebral rotation, this structure is used as bridge by (Z).
X = lamina terminalis Y = telecephalic Z = commissures (fibers that travel between cerebral hemispheres)
