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Body Structures H&N > 02b: Superficial Head/Face > Flashcards

02b: Superficial Head/Face Flashcards

1
Q

(X) bone is major component of facial skeleton.

A

X = mandible

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2
Q

Forehead is part of (face/scalp).

A

Scalp

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3
Q

List the layers of the scalp, from superficial to deep.

A
  1. Skin
  2. CT (dense)
  3. Aponeurotic
  4. Loose CT
  5. Pericranium
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4
Q

Which scalp layer, if any, contains lymph?

A

Skin

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5
Q

There is an abundance of (arteries/veins/nerves) in (X) scalp layer. Thus, one may bleed profusely if scalp cut through to this layer.

A

All;

X = dense CT layer

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6
Q

Aponeurotic layer of (X) contains:

A

X = scalp

Occipitofrontalis muscle

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7
Q

Which scalp layers are considered one unit, referred to as (X)?

A

X = scalp proper

Skin, dense CT, and aponeurotic

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8
Q

Which scalp layer acts as “danger zone” or potential space that can be filled with fluid in injury/infection?

A

Loose CT layer

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9
Q

Muscles of facial expression derived from (X) pharyngeal arch and thus innervated by branches of (Y).

A 
X = Second
Y = Facial nerve (CN VII)
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10
Q

Facial muscles in orbital group.

A
  1. Orbicularis oculi

2. Corrugator supercili

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11
Q

Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle attaches to:

A

Skin of eyebrows

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12
Q

Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle attaches to:

A

Mastoid process and superior nuchal lines

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13
Q

Functions of occipitofrontalis muscle.

A

Raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead, move scalp

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14
Q

Nerve supply to occipitofrontalis muscle (frontal belly).

A

Temporal branches of CN VII

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15
Q

Nerve supply to occipitofrontalis muscle (occipital belly).

A

Posterior auricular branch of CN VII

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16
Q

Frontal and occipital bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle connected by:

A

Epicranial aponeurosis

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17
Q

List parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle and the action associated with each.

A
  1. Palpebral (closes eyes gently)

2. Orbital (closes eyes forcefully)

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18
Q

Corrugator supercili is (superficial/deep/same plane) as/to orbicularis oculi and has which action?

A

Deep;

Draws eyebrows toward midline (active when frowning)

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19
Q

Facial muscles in nasal group.

A
  1. Procerus

2. Nasalis

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20
Q

Procerus actions.

A

produces transverse wrinkles over bridge of nose

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21
Q

Nasalis actions.

A
  1. Transverse part (compress nares)

2. Alar part (opens nares)

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22
Q

Facial muscles in upper oral group. Star the deepest muscles.

A
  1. Risorius
  2. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (Elvis)
  3. Levator labii superioris
  4. Zygomaticus major and minor
  5. Levator anguli oris*
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23
Q

List facial muscles in upper oral group that help form grin/smile.

A
  1. Risorius

2. Zygomaticus major and minor

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24
Q

Zygomaticus major and minor attach to which surfaces of (X) bone?

A

X = zygomatic

Major attaches to lateral aspect; minor attaches to anterior aspect

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25
Q

Levator labii superioris action.

A

Deepens furrow between nose and corner of mouth (during sadness)

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26
Q

Levator anguli oris action.

A

Elevates corner of mouth

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27
Q

Facial muscles in lower oral group.

A
  1. Depressor anguli oris
  2. Depressor labii inferioris
  3. Mentalis
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28
Q

The “pouting” muscle.

A

Mentalis

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29
Q

Depressor labii inferioris action.

A

Depresses lower lip

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30
Q

(X) muscle fibers completely encircle the mouth. What’s its action?

A

X = orbicularis oris

Narrows mouth and closes lips

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31
Q

(X) muscle forms the muscular component of cheek. What are its attachments?

A

X = Buccinator

Mandible, maxilla, pterygomandibular raphe

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32
Q

Which oral muscle aids in mastication? How?

A

Buccinator; maintains position of bolus

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33
Q

T/F: Buccinator is an official mastication muscle.

A

False - only aids

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34
Q

Face is primarily derived from pharyngeal arch(es) (X). Which nerve(s) associated?

A

X = 1 and 2

  1. Trigeminal (CN V)
  2. Facial (CN VII)
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35
Q

Cutaneous innervation to face by branches of which CN? What are the major divisions?

A

CN V (Trigeminal)

  1. Opthalmic (V1)
  2. Maxillary (V2)
  3. Mandibular (V3)
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36
Q

What’s the exception to typical cutaneous innervation of face?

A

Great auricular nerve; sensory to angle, lower mandibular ramus, and parts of ear

37
Q

(X) point marks change/difference in sensory innervation of scalp. What are the key nerves that contribute to this innervation?

A

X = vertex

Trigeminal (anteriorly) and cervical spinal nerves (posteriorly)

38
Q

CN VII exists base of skull via (X).

A

X = stylomastoid foramen

39
Q

Terminal branches of CN VII.

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Marginal mandibular
  5. Cervical
40
Q

(X) branch of CN (Y) innervates occipital belly of occipitofrontalis as well as (Z) muscles.

A 
X = posterior auricular
Y = VII
Z = posterior auricular
41
Q

The parotid plexus is formed within (X) by branches of (Y). List these main branches.

A 
X = parotid gland
Y = CN VII
  1. Temporofacial (upper)
  2. Cervicofacial (lower)
42
Q

T/F: Mucous membranes innervated by facial nerve.

A

False

43
Q

The (X) artery, off (internal/external) carotid, is the major vessel supplying the face.

A

X = facial

External

44
Q

Branches of facial artery. Star the terminating branch(es).

A
  1. Superior and Inferior labial
  2. Lateral nasal
  3. Angular*
45
Q

T/F: The angular artery terminates at the lateral corner of the nasal wing.

A

False - at medial corner of orbit

46
Q

Aside from facial artery, which other branches off (X) contribute to vascular supply of face?

A

X = External carotid

Maxillary and Superficial temporal

47
Q

Branches off maxillary artery that contribute to vascular supply of face.

A
  1. Infra-orbital
  2. Buccal
  3. Mental
48
Q

Branches off superficial temporal artery that contribute to vascular supply of face.

A

Transverse facial artery

49
Q

Branches off internal carotid artery that contribute to vascular supply of face. Star the ones that also supply scalp.

A
  1. Supra-orbital and supratrochlear*
  2. Zygomaticofacial
  3. Dorsal nasal artery
50
Q

T/F: All vascular supply to face from internal carotid system comes from opthalmic artery.

A

True

51
Q

Branches of External carotid that supply scalp.

A
  1. Occipital
  2. Posterior auricular
  3. Superficial temporal
52
Q

(X) is the main vein of the face.

A

X = facial

53
Q

Venous drainage of face: (X) come together to form (Y) vein. As it travels inferiorly, it receives (Z) vein and becomes the facial vein.

A 
X = supraorbital and supratrochlear
Y = angular
Z = deep facial
54
Q

Facial vein joins (X) vein to form (Y) vein that finally drains into (Z).

A 
X = anterior retromandibular
Y = common facial
Z = IJV
55
Q

Which vein(s) drain the pterygoid venous plexus?

A
  1. Deep facial

2. Maxillary

56
Q

Retromandibular vein formed by union of (X) veins.

A

X = superficial temporal and maxillary

57
Q

Retromandibular vein branches into (X) and (Y) at which landmark?

A 
X = anterior branch
Y = posterior branch

Upon emerging from inferior surface of parotid gland

58
Q

Posterior branch of retromandibular vein unites with (X) to form (Y), which finally drains into (Z).

A 
X = posterior auricular
Y = external jugular vein
Z = subclavian
59
Q

The largest of the main salivary glands is (X). It’s found at which landmark?

A

X = parotid

Covers temperomandibular joint

60
Q

Parotid duct exits anterior parotid gland between which landmarks?

A

(Midway between) Zygomatic arch and corner of mouth

61
Q

Parotid duct pierces (X) to enter oral cavity near second (upper/lower) molar tooth.

A

X = buccinator

Upper

62
Q

List the three major structures that pass through parotid gland.

A
  1. Facial nerve
  2. External carotid artery (and some branches)
  3. Retromandibular vein
63
Q

Skin overlying parotid gland and sheath innervated by which nerves?

A
  1. Greater auricular (cervical plexus)

2. Auriculotemporal (V3)

64
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland stimulates (X).

A

X = gland secretion

65
Q

Sympathetic innervation to parotid gland stimulates (X).

A

X = reduced salivation

66
Q

Tumor in salivary glands are typically (benign/malignant).

A

Benign

67
Q

List the various things that enter lymphatic capillaries

A

Interstitial fluid, which can contain:

  1. Cells of lymphocytic system
  2. Cell product/debris
  3. Pathogens
68
Q

Lymph vessels merge as they get closer to:

A

The heart

69
Q

The lymphatic trunks, (X) and (Y), each drain which part of body?

A 
X = right lymphatic duct (right upper quadrant)
Y = thoracic duct (rest of body)
70
Q

Both thoracic and right lymph ducts enter (X) at the junction of (Y).

A 
X = Subclavian vein
Y = IJV
71
Q

Near the junction with the venous system, the thoracic duct is joined by:

A
  1. Left jugular trunk

2. Subclavian trunk

72
Q

Near the junction with the venous system, the right lymph duct is joined by:

A
  1. Right jugular trunk

2. Right subclavian trunk

73
Q

There are (superficial/deep) lymph nodes along IJV and (superficial/deep) nodes along EJV.

A

Deep; superficial

74
Q

Ultimately, all lymph nodes go into (X), which then go into (Y).

A 
X = Deep cervical nodes
Y = right and left jugular trunks
75
Q

Posterior scalp and neck drained by (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = occipital

76
Q

Posterolateral scalp drained by (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = Mastoid

77
Q

Anterolateral scalp and upper half of face drained by (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = pre-auricular and parotid

78
Q

Anterior face drained by (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = submandibular

79
Q

Gingiva and most of teeth drained by (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = submandibular

80
Q

Lower lip drained by (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = submental

81
Q

Chin floor of mouth and lower incisor teeth drained by (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = submental

82
Q

Deep cervical lymph nodes are formed by two groups. List them and their relationship to particular landmarks.

A
  1. Jugulodigastric (superior at level of posterior digastric muscle)
  2. Jugulo-omohyoid (inferior to omohyoid tendon)
83
Q

Lymphatic vessels from pharynx drain into which nodes?

A
  1. Retropharyngeal
  2. Paratracheal
  3. Infrahyoid
84
Q

Palatine tonsils drain into which lymph nodes?

A

Jugulodigastric

85
Q

Root of tongue drains into (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = jugulodigastric

86
Q

Medial tongue body drains into (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = Jugulo-omohyoid

87
Q

Lateral parts of anterior tongue drain into (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = submandibular

88
Q

Tip of tongue and frenulum drain into (X) lymph nodes.

A

X = submental

Body Structures H&N (14 decks)

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