1. Transverse part (compress nares) 2. Alar part (opens nares)

02b: Superficial Head/Face Flashcards by Nuna H

(X) bone is major component of facial skeleton.

X = mandible

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Forehead is part of (face/scalp).

Scalp

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List the layers of the scalp, from superficial to deep.

Skin
CT (dense)
Aponeurotic
Loose CT
Pericranium

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Which scalp layer, if any, contains lymph?

Skin

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There is an abundance of (arteries/veins/nerves) in (X) scalp layer. Thus, one may bleed profusely if scalp cut through to this layer.

All;

X = dense CT layer

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Aponeurotic layer of (X) contains:

X = scalp

Occipitofrontalis muscle

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Which scalp layers are considered one unit, referred to as (X)?

X = scalp proper

Skin, dense CT, and aponeurotic

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Which scalp layer acts as “danger zone” or potential space that can be filled with fluid in injury/infection?

Loose CT layer

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Muscles of facial expression derived from (X) pharyngeal arch and thus innervated by branches of (Y).

X = Second
Y = Facial nerve (CN VII)

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Facial muscles in orbital group.

Orbicularis oculi

2. Corrugator supercili

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Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle attaches to:

Skin of eyebrows

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Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle attaches to:

Mastoid process and superior nuchal lines

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Functions of occipitofrontalis muscle.

Raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead, move scalp

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Nerve supply to occipitofrontalis muscle (frontal belly).

Temporal branches of CN VII

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Nerve supply to occipitofrontalis muscle (occipital belly).

Posterior auricular branch of CN VII

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Frontal and occipital bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle connected by:

Epicranial aponeurosis

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List parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle and the action associated with each.

Palpebral (closes eyes gently)

2. Orbital (closes eyes forcefully)

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Corrugator supercili is (superficial/deep/same plane) as/to orbicularis oculi and has which action?

Deep;

Draws eyebrows toward midline (active when frowning)

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Facial muscles in nasal group.

Procerus

2. Nasalis

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Procerus actions.

produces transverse wrinkles over bridge of nose

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Nasalis actions.

Transverse part (compress nares)

2. Alar part (opens nares)

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Facial muscles in upper oral group. Star the deepest muscles.

Risorius
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (Elvis)
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus major and minor
Levator anguli oris*

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List facial muscles in upper oral group that help form grin/smile.

Risorius

2. Zygomaticus major and minor

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Zygomaticus major and minor attach to which surfaces of (X) bone?

X = zygomatic

Major attaches to lateral aspect; minor attaches to anterior aspect

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Levator labii superioris action.

Deepens furrow between nose and corner of mouth (during sadness)

Levator anguli oris action.

Elevates corner of mouth

Facial muscles in lower oral group.

1. Depressor anguli oris 2. Depressor labii inferioris 3. Mentalis

The "pouting" muscle.

Mentalis

Depressor labii inferioris action.

Depresses lower lip

(X) muscle fibers completely encircle the mouth. What's its action?

X = orbicularis oris Narrows mouth and closes lips

(X) muscle forms the muscular component of cheek. What are its attachments?

X = Buccinator Mandible, maxilla, pterygomandibular raphe

Which oral muscle aids in mastication? How?

Buccinator; maintains position of bolus

T/F: Buccinator is an official mastication muscle.

False - only aids

Face is primarily derived from pharyngeal arch(es) (X). Which nerve(s) associated?

X = 1 and 2 1. Trigeminal (CN V) 2. Facial (CN VII)

Cutaneous innervation to face by branches of which CN? What are the major divisions?

CN V (Trigeminal) 1. Opthalmic (V1) 2. Maxillary (V2) 3. Mandibular (V3)

What's the exception to typical cutaneous innervation of face?

Great auricular nerve; sensory to angle, lower mandibular ramus, and parts of ear

(X) point marks change/difference in sensory innervation of scalp. What are the key nerves that contribute to this innervation?

X = vertex Trigeminal (anteriorly) and cervical spinal nerves (posteriorly)

CN VII exists base of skull via (X).

X = stylomastoid foramen

Terminal branches of CN VII.

1. Temporal 2. Zygomatic 3. Buccal 4. Marginal mandibular 5. Cervical

(X) branch of CN (Y) innervates occipital belly of occipitofrontalis as well as (Z) muscles.

``` X = posterior auricular Y = VII Z = posterior auricular ```

The parotid plexus is formed within (X) by branches of (Y). List these main branches.

``` X = parotid gland Y = CN VII ``` 1. Temporofacial (upper) 2. Cervicofacial (lower)

T/F: Mucous membranes innervated by facial nerve.

False

The (X) artery, off (internal/external) carotid, is the major vessel supplying the face.

X = facial | External

Branches of facial artery. Star the terminating branch(es).

1. Superior and Inferior labial 2. Lateral nasal 3. Angular*

T/F: The angular artery terminates at the lateral corner of the nasal wing.

False - at medial corner of orbit

Aside from facial artery, which other branches off (X) contribute to vascular supply of face?

X = External carotid Maxillary and Superficial temporal

Branches off maxillary artery that contribute to vascular supply of face.

1. Infra-orbital 2. Buccal 3. Mental

Branches off superficial temporal artery that contribute to vascular supply of face.

Transverse facial artery

Branches off internal carotid artery that contribute to vascular supply of face. Star the ones that also supply scalp.

1. Supra-orbital and supratrochlear* 2. Zygomaticofacial 3. Dorsal nasal artery

T/F: All vascular supply to face from internal carotid system comes from opthalmic artery.

True

Branches of External carotid that supply scalp.

1. Occipital 2. Posterior auricular 3. Superficial temporal

(X) is the main vein of the face.

X = facial

Venous drainage of face: (X) come together to form (Y) vein. As it travels inferiorly, it receives (Z) vein and becomes the facial vein.

``` X = supraorbital and supratrochlear Y = angular Z = deep facial ```

Facial vein joins (X) vein to form (Y) vein that finally drains into (Z).

``` X = anterior retromandibular Y = common facial Z = IJV ```

Which vein(s) drain the pterygoid venous plexus?

1. Deep facial | 2. Maxillary

Retromandibular vein formed by union of (X) veins.

X = superficial temporal and maxillary

Retromandibular vein branches into (X) and (Y) at which landmark?

``` X = anterior branch Y = posterior branch ``` Upon emerging from inferior surface of parotid gland

Posterior branch of retromandibular vein unites with (X) to form (Y), which finally drains into (Z).

``` X = posterior auricular Y = external jugular vein Z = subclavian ```

The largest of the main salivary glands is (X). It's found at which landmark?

X = parotid Covers temperomandibular joint

Parotid duct exits anterior parotid gland between which landmarks?

(Midway between) Zygomatic arch and corner of mouth

Parotid duct pierces (X) to enter oral cavity near second (upper/lower) molar tooth.

X = buccinator | Upper

List the three major structures that pass through parotid gland.

1. Facial nerve 2. External carotid artery (and some branches) 3. Retromandibular vein

Skin overlying parotid gland and sheath innervated by which nerves?

1. Greater auricular (cervical plexus) | 2. Auriculotemporal (V3)

Parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland stimulates (X).

X = gland secretion

Sympathetic innervation to parotid gland stimulates (X).

X = reduced salivation

Tumor in salivary glands are typically (benign/malignant).

Benign

List the various things that enter lymphatic capillaries

Interstitial fluid, which can contain: 1. Cells of lymphocytic system 2. Cell product/debris 3. Pathogens

Lymph vessels merge as they get closer to:

The heart

The lymphatic trunks, (X) and (Y), each drain which part of body?

``` X = right lymphatic duct (right upper quadrant) Y = thoracic duct (rest of body) ```

Both thoracic and right lymph ducts enter (X) at the junction of (Y).

``` X = Subclavian vein Y = IJV ```

Near the junction with the venous system, the thoracic duct is joined by:

1. Left jugular trunk | 2. Subclavian trunk

Near the junction with the venous system, the right lymph duct is joined by:

1. Right jugular trunk | 2. Right subclavian trunk

There are (superficial/deep) lymph nodes along IJV and (superficial/deep) nodes along EJV.

Deep; superficial

Ultimately, all lymph nodes go into (X), which then go into (Y).

``` X = Deep cervical nodes Y = right and left jugular trunks ```

Posterior scalp and neck drained by (X) lymph nodes.

X = occipital

Posterolateral scalp drained by (X) lymph nodes.

X = Mastoid

Anterolateral scalp and upper half of face drained by (X) lymph nodes.

X = pre-auricular and parotid

Anterior face drained by (X) lymph nodes.

X = submandibular

Gingiva and most of teeth drained by (X) lymph nodes.

X = submandibular

Lower lip drained by (X) lymph nodes.

X = submental

Chin floor of mouth and lower incisor teeth drained by (X) lymph nodes.

X = submental

Deep cervical lymph nodes are formed by two groups. List them and their relationship to particular landmarks.

1. Jugulodigastric (superior at level of posterior digastric muscle) 2. Jugulo-omohyoid (inferior to omohyoid tendon)

Lymphatic vessels from pharynx drain into which nodes?

1. Retropharyngeal 2. Paratracheal 3. Infrahyoid

Palatine tonsils drain into which lymph nodes?

Jugulodigastric

Root of tongue drains into (X) lymph nodes.

X = jugulodigastric

Medial tongue body drains into (X) lymph nodes.

X = Jugulo-omohyoid

Lateral parts of anterior tongue drain into (X) lymph nodes.

X = submandibular

Tip of tongue and frenulum drain into (X) lymph nodes.

X = submental

02b: Superficial Head/Face Flashcards

(88 cards)