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Body Structures H&N > 02a: Neck Triangles > Flashcards

02a: Neck Triangles Flashcards

1
Q

SCM attachments.

A

Sternum, clavicle, mastoid process (temporal bone)

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2
Q

SCM nerve innervation.

A

Accessory (CN XI)

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3
Q

SCM actions

A

Unilat: ipsilateral lat flexion and contralateral rotation
Bilateral: Cervical flexion

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4
Q

List scalene muscles.

A

Anterior, posterior, middle

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5
Q

Scalene muscles are (superficial/deep) to SCM.

A

Deep

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6
Q

Scalene attachments.

A

From: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

To: first two ribs

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7
Q

Scalene actions

A

(Bilaterally) Assist in neck flexion and raise first two ribs

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8
Q

Scalene nerve innervation

A

Ventral rami of cervical nerves

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9
Q

List the suprahyoid muscles.

A
  1. Mylohyoid
  2. Digastric
  3. Stylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid
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10
Q

List infrahyoid muscles.

A
  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternothyroid
  3. Sternohyoid
  4. Thyrohyoid
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11
Q

Visceral layer of neck includes which gland(s)?

A

Thyroid and parathyroid

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12
Q

Thyroid gland produces (X) which functions to:

A

X =

  1. Thyroid hormone (controls metabolism rate)
  2. Calcitonin hormone (controls Ca metabolism)
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13
Q

Parathyroid gland produces (X) which functions to:

A

X = Parathyroid hormone (regulates Ca metabolism)

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14
Q

Platysma attaches to (X) tissue of (supra/infra)-clavicular regions.

A

X = subcutaneous

Both (supra and infra clavicular regions)

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15
Q

Superior attachments of platysma include:

A
  1. Base of mandible
  2. cheek skin
  3. angle of mouth
  4. Orbicularis oris
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16
Q

Superior attachments of platysma have which actions?

A

Tense skin, producing vertical skin ridges

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17
Q

Inferior attachments of platysma have which actions?

A

Depress mandible and draw corners of mouth inferiorly (grimace)

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18
Q

Platysma nerve innervation

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve

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19
Q

Cervical plexus roots.

A

Anterior rami C1-4

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20
Q

There are (X) number of cutaneous branches and (Y) number of motor branches off cervical plexus.

A 
X = 4
Y = 2
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21
Q

List cutaneous branches off cervical plexus.

A
  1. Transverse cervical
  2. Greater auricular
  3. Lesser occipital
  4. Supraclavicular
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22
Q

List motor branches off cervical plexus.

A
  1. Ansa cervicalis

2. Phrenic

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23
Q

Ansa cervicalis innervates:

A

Infrahyoid muscles

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24
Q

Cutaneous nerves off cervical plexus innervate which area(s)?

A
  1. Side of neck
  2. Top of shoulder
  3. Lower part of face
  4. Skull behind ear
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25
Q

Cervical plexus branches emerge from “(X)”, which is at the (Y) border of which muscle?

A 
X = Erb's point
Y = (middle of) posterior

SCM

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26
Q

Which nerve(s) emerge from the same location as the branches of cervical plexus?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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27
Q

(X) is the first layer of cervical fascia. What does this layer contain?

A

X = superficial cervical fascia

Cutaneous nerves, blood/lymph vessels, superficial lymph nodes, fat, and platysma (anteriorly)

28
Q

List the layers of the deep cervical fascia.

A
  1. Superficial (investing)
  2. Pretracheal
  3. Prevertebral
29
Q

Superficial (investing) fascia encloses which structure(s)?

A

Traps and SCM

30
Q

The (X) layer of cervical fascia extends inferiorly and blends with fibrous pericardium of heart.

A

X = pretracheal

31
Q

The pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia encloses which structure(s)?

A
  1. Infrahyoid muscles (in muscular layer)

2. Thyroid gland and trachea (in visceral layer)

32
Q

The (X) fascia is the thin, (anterior/posterior) lamina of pretrachial fascia. It separates:

A

X = buccopharyngeal
Posterior;

Separates esophagus from prevertebral fascia

33
Q

(X) fascia is large sheath enclosing scaliness, deep back muscles, vertebrae, etc. It also contributes to (anterior/posterior) portion of (Y).

A

X = prevertebral
Posterior;
Y = carotid sheath

34
Q

The prevertebral fascia splits (anteriorly/posteriorly/laterally) into which laminae? Star the most anterior.

A

Anteriorly;

  1. Alar*
  2. Still Prevertebral fascia
35
Q

T/F: The fascial spaces in neck are only potential spaces.

A

True

36
Q

Retropharyngeal space anterior and posterior boundaries.

A

Ant: Buccopharyngeal fascia
Post: Alar fascia

37
Q

Retropharyngeal space lateral boundaries.

A

Carotid sheaths

38
Q

Retropharyngeal space superior and inferior boundaries.

A

Superior: base of skull
Inferior: Mediastinum

39
Q

T/F: Retropharyngeal space is posterior to trachea and anterior to pharynx and larynx.

A

False - posterior to all three

40
Q

The “danger” or (X) space has which anterior/posterior boundaries?

A

X = prevertebral

Ant: Alar fascia
Post: Prevertebral fascia

41
Q

Prevertebral space extends from (X) to (Y) vertically.

A 
X = base of skull
Y = diaphragm
42
Q

Anterior and posterior triangles are separated from each other by:

A

SCM

43
Q

List the posterior triangle subdivisions. Star the larger.

A
  1. Occipital*

2. Omoclavicular/subclavian

44
Q

Borders of occipital triangle.

A
  1. Traps
  2. SCM
  3. Inferior belly of omohyoid
45
Q

Contents of occipital triangle.

A
  1. EJV
  2. Brachial plexus (trunks) and cervical plexus (branches)
  3. CN XI
  4. Transverse cervical a
  5. Cervical lymph nodes
46
Q

Borders of subclavian (omoclavicular) triangle.

A
  1. SCM
  2. Clavicle
  3. Inferior belly of omohyoid
47
Q

Contents of subclavian (omoclavicular) triangle.

A
  1. Subclavian a and v
  2. Suprascapular a
  3. Supraclavicular lymph nodes
48
Q

(X) is typical point of entry for central line placement.

A

X = subclavian vein

49
Q

Borders of anterior triangle.

A
  1. Midline of neck
  2. SCM
  3. Mandible (inferior border)
50
Q

Anterior triangle can be subdivided into small triangles by (X).

A

X = omohyoid and digastric muscles

51
Q

List subdivisions of anterior triangle.

A
  1. Submandibular
  2. Submental
  3. Carotid
  4. Muscular
52
Q

Carotid triangle boundaries.

A
  1. SCM
  2. Superior belly of omohyoid
  3. Posterior belly of digastric
53
Q

Carotid triangle contents.

A
  1. Hypoglossal (CN XII)
  2. Ansa cervicalis
  3. Carotid sheath
  4. Sympathetic trunk
54
Q

At (X) vertebra, which is also the level of (Y), the carotid pulse can be palpated.

A 
X = C6
Y = cricoid cartilage
55
Q

Muscular triangle boundaries.

A
  1. Hyoid and midline of neck
  2. SCM
  3. Superior belly of omohyoid
56
Q

Muscular triangle contents.

A
  1. Infrahyoid muscles

2. Thyroid and parathyroid glands

57
Q

Submandibular triangle boundaries.

A
  1. Anterior digastric
  2. Mandible
  3. Posterior digastric
58
Q

Submandibular triangle contents.

A
  1. Submandibular gland
  2. Facial a and v
  3. Submandibular lymph nodes
59
Q

Submental triangle boundaries.

A
  1. Both anterior digastric bellies

2. Hyoid bone

60
Q

Submental triangle contents.

A
  1. Submental lymph nodes

2. Tributaries of anterior jugular vein

61
Q

Omohyoid attachments.

A

Scapula to clavicle to hyoid

62
Q

Sternohyoid attachments.

A

Manubrium to hyoid

63
Q

Sternothyroid attachments.

A

Manubrium to thyroid cartilage

64
Q

Thyrohyoid attachments.

A

Thyroid cartilage to hyoid

65
Q

Which (infra/supra)-hyoid muscles attach to floor of oral cavity.

A

Suprahyoid;

Mylohyoid and geniohyoid

Body Structures H&N (14 decks)

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