03a: CNS Overview and CNs Flashcards
List the divisions of the brain, from rostral to caudal
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephalon
The caudal myelenecephalon is (smaller/larger) than SC. The rostral myelencephalon has (X) on its (anterior/posterior/lateral) aspect to add to its size.
Same size;
X = inferior olivary nucleus
Lateral
(Rostral/caudal) (X) brain division contains The Pyramids, which are (ventral/lateral/dorsal) bundles of (Y).
Both rostral and caudal;
X = myelencephalon
Ventral;
Y = white matter
The metencephalon consists of:
Pons and Cerebellum
Caudal mesencephalon consists of:
Inferior colliculus
Rostral mesencephalon consists of:
Superior colliculus
Which brain division contains the cerebral peduncles?
Mesencephalon
Roof of mesencephalon collectively called (X) and floor formally called (Y).
X = tectum Y = tegmentum
Diencephalon consists of:
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Telencephalon consists of:
Cerebrum, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala
Location of CSF travel in telencephalon.
Lateral ventricles
Location of CSF travel in diencephalon.
Third ventricle
Location of CSF travel in mesencephalon.
Cerebral aqueduct
Location of CSF travel in met encephalon.
Fourth ventricle
Location of CSF travel in myelencephalon.
Central canal (of SC)
The neural tube gives rise to:
CNS (Brain and SC)
During development, cells that don’t join neural crest cell cluster, but remain in surface (X) layer, are formally called (Y).
X = ectoderm Y = the ectodermal placodes
Sensory and motor ganglia of PNS arise from (neural crest/placodes).
Neural crest
Schwann cells arise from (neural crest/placodes).
Neural crest
Inner ear arises from (neural crest/placodes).
Placodes
Chromaffin cells of (X) structure arise from (neural crest/placodes).
X = adrenal medulla
Neural crest
Nasal cavities arise from (neural crest/placodes).
Placodes
Neuromesenchyme of brachial arches arises from (neural crest/placodes).
Neural crest
Neuromesenchyme of pharyngeal arches arises from (neural crest/placodes).
Neural crest
Adenohypophysis, aka (X), arises from (neural crest/placodes).
X = anterior pituitary gland
Placodes
DRG arise from (neural crest/placodes).
Neural crest
Ganglia of CNs arise from (neural crest/placodes).
Both (party from neural crest, partly from placodes)
T/F: It’s common for some propioceptive fibers in CNs to have cell bodies in midbrain, rather than in sensory ganglion.
False - rare exception in CN V
Motor ganglia in H/N can be classified according to their (X). List these categories.
X = location;
- Paravertebral
- Terminal
- Parasympathetic motor ganglia
T/F: There are no prevertebral sympathetic ganglia in head/neck.
True
Preganglionic sympathetic outflow to head/neck primarily from neurons located in:
T1-T5 SC segments
Preganglionic sympathetic outflow to head/neck travel via (X) and synapse on (Y).
X = white rami communicantes (then up sympathetic chain) Y = Superior, middle, inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia
Post-ganglionic sympathetic axons to head/neck can be distributed as:
- Cervical spinal nerves
- Branches to some CNs and meninges
- Branches to cervical viscera and heart
- Plexuses on arteries (carotid, subclavian, vertebral)
True “terminal” parasympathetic ganglion cells occur in:
Tongue, trachea, larynx, lower esophagus
Parasympathetic motor innervation of head/neck: Where are the preganglionic cell bodies?
Brainstem (scattered nerve nuclei)
Parasympathetic motor innervation of head/neck: What do the preganglionic axons travel in?
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
List the “discrete” parasympathetic ganglia in head. List the CN that serves as a PATHWAY for each.
- Ciliary (V1)
- Pterygopalatine (V2)
- Otic (V3)
- Submandibular (V3)
Which sensory info is carried by GSA fibers?
- Exteroception
- Propioception
- General sensation
General sensation in head/neck is carried by (X) fibers from (Y) structures by (Z) nerves.
X = GSA Y = viscera Z = CN 9 and 10
General sensation is (well/poorly) localized.
Poorly
(X) neuron modalities mediate interoception.
X = GVA
Which CNs carry GVA fibers?
7, 9, 10
GVA fibers can carry which type of sensory information? Next to each type, include if it retraces path followed by sympathetic/parasympathetic fibers. Star those that reach level of consciousness.
- Pain info (sympathetic)*
2. Physiological reflexes (parasympathetic)
SA fibers are found in which CN?
1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10
SVE fibers are found in which CN?
5, 7, 9, 10, 11
(X) muscles develop from first pharyngeal arch and are innervated by CN (Y).
X = mastication Y = 5
(X) muscles develop from second pharyngeal arch and are innervated by CN (Y).
X = facial expression Y = 7
(X) muscles develop from third pharyngeal arch and are innervated by CN (Y).
X = stylopharyngeus (longitudinal muscle of pharynx) Y = 9
(X) muscles develop from fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch and are innervated by CN (Y).
X = soft palate, pharynx, larynx Y = 10
Great vein of Galen drains into (X) sinus
X = straight