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Body Structures H&N > 01: Organization > Flashcards

01: Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Head and neck muscles derived from (X), not somites, are (voluntary/involuntary) and (smooth/striated). What type of fibers innervate them?

A

X = pharyngeal
Voluntary; striated

Special visceral efferent

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2
Q

What are the key differences between muscles innervated by general somatic efferent fibers and those innervated by special visceral efferent fibers?

A

ONLY developmental origin (otherwise, functionally/histologically similar)

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3
Q

Skin of head and neck innervated by which nerve type?

A

General somatic afferent

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4
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to head/neck travels via (X). Sympathetic innervation travels via (Y).

A 
X = cranial nerves
Y = sympathetic trunk
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5
Q

(Like/unlike) in the thorax, respiratory and alimentary tracts in head/neck region are (involuntarily/voluntarily) controlled.

A

Unlike; Voluntarily

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6
Q

List the “special senses”, called so because (X).

A

X = they’re unique to the head

Taste, sight, smell, balance, hearing

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7
Q

In general sense, arterial blood supply of head/neck is derived from (X) off of (Y).

A 
X = common carotids (Y = aorta) AND
X = vertebral arteries (Y = subclavian)
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8
Q

(X) arteries off subclavian travel up to head/neck by passing through (Y) in (thoracic/cervical) vertebrae.

A

X = vertebral
Y = transverse foramina
Cervical

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9
Q

The brain itself receives blood from which main arterial systems?

A

Internal carotid and vertebral

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10
Q

The (X) artery off aorta ascend through neck within (Y) sleeve called (Z). What else travels with it?

A 
X = carotid
Y = fascial
Z = carotid sheath

IJV, vagus nerve, lymphatics

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11
Q

Carotid sheath extends from (X) to (Y).

A 
X = thoracic inlet
Y = base of skull
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12
Q

Carotid artery divides into (X) at which landmark?

A

X = internal and external carotids

At level of larynx

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13
Q

The carotid (body/sinus) is formed by dilation of (X). What’s the function?

A

Sinus
X = carotid bifurcation

Walls contain visceral baroreceptors, sensitive to arterial BP

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14
Q

The carotid (body/sinus) is located near (X). It contains (Y) and functions to:

A

X = carotid bifurcation (and carotid sinus)
Y = chemoreceptors
Monitors blood pO2, pCO2, and pH

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15
Q

List branches off external carotid artery. Star the terminal branch(es).

A
  1. Superior thyroid
  2. Ascending pharyngeal
  3. Lingual
  4. Facial
  5. Occipital
  6. Posterior auricular
  7. Superficial temporal*
  8. Maxillary *
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16
Q

List the parts of the maxillary artery

A
  1. Mandibular
  2. Pterygoid
  3. Pterygopalatine
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17
Q

(External/internal) carotid artery travels through canal in base of skull and emerges into (X).

A

Internal;

X = middle cranial fossa

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18
Q

First, (X), part of internal carotid artery extends from (Y) to (Z).

A 
X = cervical
Y = carotid bifurcation
Z = base of skull
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19
Q

Second, (X), part of internal carotid artery travels in which direction and in which space?

A

X = petrous

Anteromedially; in carotid canal

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20
Q

The (X) part of internal carotid artery takes a sharply curved course, eventually piercing (Y) and entering (Z).

A 
X = third/cavernous
Y = roof of cavernous dural venous sinus
Z = subdural space
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21
Q

Fourth, (X), part of internal carotid artery extends from (Y) to (Z).

A 
X = cerebral
Y = roof of cavernous sinus
Z = terminal bifurcation of artery
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22
Q

Internal carotid artery terminal branches.

A
  1. Anterior and middle cerebral arteries
  2. Posterior communicating branch
  3. Opthalmic artery
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23
Q

Anterior cerebral artery (generally) supplies which area(s)?

A

Medial cerebral hemispheres

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24
Q

Middle cerebral artery (generally) supplies which area(s)?

A
  1. Temporal lobe
  2. Anterolateral frontal lobe
  3. Parietal lobe
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25
Q

Posterior communicating artery joins (X) branch off (Y) artery to form link in circle of Willis.

A 
X = posterior cerebral 
Y = basilar
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26
Q

(X), off of (Y) artery, is only arterial vessel physician can see directly.

A 
X = Central artery of retina
Y = opthalmic
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27
Q

Since (X) is a true-end artery, its obstruction will cause instant and complete blindness (unilaterally/bilaterally).

A

X = Central artery of retina

Unilaterally (ipsilateral eye)

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28
Q

List branches off subclavian that supply muscles in posterior triangle of neck.

A
  1. Transverse cervical
  2. Dorsal scapular
  3. Suprascapular
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29
Q

Thyroid gland supplied by which key arteries? What are the general origins?

A
  1. Superior thyroid (external carotid)

2. Inferior thyroid (subclavian)

30
Q

At the level of (X), vertebral artery pierces (Y) and enters cranial cavity through (Z).

A 
X = C1
Y = spinal dura
Z = foramen magnum
31
Q

T/F: Vertebral arteries supply nothing in external head/neck.

A

False

32
Q

Basilar artery forms (above/below) C1.

A

Above

33
Q

T/F: Veins of head/neck anastamose freely and have no functional valves.

A

False - one valve at base of IJV

34
Q

T/F: There are superficial and deep venous drainage pathways in head/neck.

A

True

35
Q

EJV is part of (superficial/deep) venous drainage and drains directly into:

A

Superficial;

IJV and Subclavian vein

36
Q

(X) vein parallels distribution of vertebral artery. It descends through (Y) to enter the (Z) vein(s).

A 
X = vertebral
Y = transverse foramina of C1-C6
Z = brachiocephalic
37
Q

Venous blood returns to heart from head/neck via which veins?

A
  1. IJV and EJV
  2. Vertebral
  3. Inferior thyroid
38
Q

Inferior thyroid vein drains into:

A

Brachiocephalic vein

39
Q

Describe the structure/texture of the cranial dura mater.

A

Thick sheet of tough CT

40
Q

What are the formal names for the two surfaces of the dura? What does each face?

A
  1. Periosteal (faces skull)

2. Meningeal (faces arachnoid)

41
Q

T/F: Both surfaces of dura are rough.

A

False - meningeal is smooth

42
Q

What’s the endocranium?

A

Periosteal surface of dura; serves as periosteum for inner surface of skull

43
Q

(X) is continuous with (Y) through sutures between individual skull bones.

A 
X = endocranium
Y = epicranium
44
Q

T/F: There is no typical epidural space in normal head anatomy.

A

True

45
Q

Dural folds form due to:

A

Outer and inner dural layers follow different contours

46
Q

List the sagittal dural fold(s).

A
  1. Falx cerebri

2. Falx cerebelli

47
Q

List the transverse dural fold(s).

A

Tentorium cerebelli

48
Q

(X) demarcates transition between the different types of (transverse/sagittal) dural folds.

A

X = tentorium cerebelli (transverse dural fold)

Sagittal

49
Q

Dural venous sinuses arise as a result of:

A

separation between outer and inner dural layers (forming space in-between)

50
Q

Which sinuses drain directly into IJV?

A
  1. Sigmoid sinuses

2. Inferior petrosal sinus

51
Q

(X) sinuses occupy critical location and have many anatomical relationships. It contains which cranial nerves?

A

X = cavernous

3, 4, 5 (V1 and V2), and 6

52
Q

CN modalities involved in voluntary motor in head/neck.

A

GSE and SVE

53
Q

CN modalities involved in involuntary motor in head/neck.

A

GVE

54
Q

CN modalities involved in conscious perception in head/neck.

A

GSA and SA

55
Q

CN modalities involved in subconscious perception in head/neck.

A

GVA

56
Q

Sensory innervation from carotid body/sinus travels in (X) nerve, with which nerve modality?

A

X = CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

GVA

57
Q

Dural venous sinuses are involved in flow of:

A

Venous blood and CSF

58
Q

In epidural hematoma, (artery/vein) between (X) and (Y) bleeds and forms characteristic (Z)-shaped defect.

A

Artery;

X = skull
Y = dura
Z = lens-shaped
59
Q

In (X) hematoma, the layers are pulled apart slowly. Why?

A

X = epidural

Dura tightly adhered to skull

60
Q

In subdural hematoma, (artery/vein) between (X) and (Y) bleeds and causes characteristic shift in (Z).

A

Vein;
X = dura
Y = arachnoid
Z = brain

61
Q

In (X) hematoma, the ventricles may appear compressed.

A

X = subdural

62
Q

Subdural hematomas typically result from (X) injuries.

A

X = acceleration/deceleration

63
Q

Epidural hematomas typically result from (X) injuries.

A

X = blunt hit (usually temporal region)

64
Q

In subarachnoid hemorrhage, blood flows between (X) and (Y) membranes and typically follows (Z) layer.

A 
X = pial
Y = arachnoid
Z = pia
65
Q

IJV terminates superior to (X) joint by joining (Y) to form (Z).

A 
X = sternoclavicular
Y = subclavian vein
Z = brachiocephalic vein
66
Q

Main landmark for identifying/accessing IJV.

A

SCM (overlying it)

67
Q

The deep lymph node chains in neck lie along (X) vessel.

A

X = IJV

68
Q

T/F: All lymph from head and neck eventually drains through deep lymph nodes.

A

True

69
Q

T/F: Both superficial and deep lymph nodes in neck are deep to SCM.

A

False - superficial are not

70
Q

(X) group of lymph nodes in neck are readily/commonly palpated if swollen.

A

X = Jugulo-digastric

Body Structures H&N (14 decks)

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