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Body Structures B&L > 06b: Leg, Ankle, Foot > Flashcards

06b: Leg, Ankle, Foot Flashcards

1
Q

The formal name(s) of the ankle joint(s):

A

Talocrural

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2
Q

Which bones articulate at talocrural joint?

A

Tibia, fibula, and talus

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3
Q

The (X)-sided configuration of the talocrural joint is referred to as (Y) and is crucial for (Z).

A 
X = 3
Y = mortise
Z = stability
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4
Q

T/F: The mortise of the ankle is crucial for stability, so it’s fairly static.

A

False - it’s dynamic

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5
Q

There’s a change in size of the ankle mortise during (X) actions because:

A

X = Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Talus is wider anteriorly

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6
Q

Superior tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?

A

Plane (synovial)

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7
Q

Inferior tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?

A

Syndesmosis (fibrous)

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8
Q

A trimalleolar fracture involves which structure(s)?

A
  1. Lateral and medial malleoli

2. “Posterior malleolus” (distal posterior tibia)

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9
Q

List the lateral ankle ligaments. Star the weakest and double-star the strongest.

A
  1. Anterior* and posterior** talofibular

2. Calcaneofibular

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10
Q

List the medial ankle ligaments.

A

Deltoid ligament (contains the following fibers):

  1. Anterior and posterior tibiotalar
  2. Tibionavicular
  3. Tibiocalcaneal
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11
Q

The (X) fibers of (Y) ligament attach to tibia and (Z) of calcaneus

A

X = tibiocalcaneal
Y - deltoid
Z = sustentaculum tali

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12
Q

In general, (medial/lateral) ankle ligaments are stronger and less prone to injury.

A

Medial

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13
Q

There are (X) articulations in the (Y) joint, between calcaneus and talus. List/describe locations of the articular surfaces.

A 
X = 3 
Y = subtalar

Anterior, Posterior, Middle talar articular surfaces (on calcaneus)

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14
Q

Interosseous (X) ligaments, located in (articular/non-articular) (Y), bind the talus and calcaneus.

A

X = talocalcaneal
Non-articular;
Y = sinus tarsi

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15
Q

(X) joint is very important in absorbing rotational loads imposed by proximal lower limb.

A

X = subtalar

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16
Q

List the transverse tarsal joints.

A
  1. Talonavicular

2. Calcaneocuboid

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17
Q

(X) joints are very important in compensatory movements that allow forefoot to remain on ground when hind foot is supinated/pronated.

A

X = transverse tarsal, intertarsal, tarsometatarsal, intermetatarsal

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18
Q

Intertarsal joints are what type of joint? What motions?

A

Plane; gliding

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19
Q

Tarsometatarsal joints are what type of joint? What motions?

A

Plane; gliding

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20
Q

MTP joints are what type of joint? What motions?

A

Condyloid; F/E and Abd/add

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21
Q

Interphalangeal joints in foot are what type of joint? What motions?

A

Hinge; F/E

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22
Q

List compartments of the leg.

A

Anterior, posterior (superficial and deep), lateral

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23
Q

(X) compartment of leg divided into superficial and deep by (Y).

A 
X = posterior
Y = transverse intermuscular septum
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24
Q

Nerve and blood supply to anterior compartment of leg.

A

Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve
Blood: Anterior tibial artery

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25
Q

Nerve and blood supply to lateral compartment of leg.

A

Nerve: Superficial peroneal nerve
Blood: Peroneal artery

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26
Q

Nerve and blood supply to superficial posterior compartment of leg.

A

Nerve: Tibial nerve
Artery: Posterior tibial artery

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27
Q

Nerve and blood supply to deep posterior compartment of leg.

A

Nerve: Tibial nerve
Artery: Posterior tibial artery (and a bit from peroneal artery)

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28
Q

List muscles in superficial posterior compartment of leg.

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Plantaris
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29
Q

One would have more passive dorsiflexion with a (flexed/extended) knee.

A

Flexed

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30
Q

List muscles in deep posterior compartment of leg.

A
  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. FDL
  3. Flexus hallicus longus
  4. Popliteus
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31
Q

Deep posterior leg gets blood supply from (X), which branches off of (Y) at which landmark?

A 
X = posterior tibial artery
Y = tibial artery

Inferior border of popliteus

32
Q

The tibial nerve terminates as:

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

33
Q

The tibial artery terminates as:

A

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

34
Q

TDAVNH structures pass (anterior/posterior) to (X). List them.

A

Posterior;
X = medial malleolus

  1. (T)ibialis posterior tendon
  2. F(D)L tendon
  3. Posterior tibial (a)rtery and (v)ein
  4. Tibial (n)erve
  5. Flexor (h)allicus longus tendon
35
Q

TDAVNH pass deep to (X), through (Y).

A 
X = flexor retinaculum
Y = tarsal tunnel
36
Q

T/F: Posterior tibial artery can be palpated.

A

True - at medial malleolus

37
Q

(X) tunnel syndrome in the foot involves compression of which structure(s)?

A

X = tarsal

Tibial nerve

38
Q

List muscles in lateral compartment of leg.

A

Peroneus longus and brevis

39
Q

List muscles in anterior compartment of leg.

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. Extensor digitorum longus
  3. Extensor hallicus longus
  4. Peroneus tertius
40
Q

The (X) artery can be palpated on the dorsum of the foot. This is a (branch/continuation) of (Y).

A

X = dorsalis pedis
Continuation;
Y = Anterior tibial artery

41
Q

(X) nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to (most/all) dorsum of foot. List exceptions, if any.

A

X = superficial peroneal
Most;

  1. Lateral strip over digit 5 (sural nerve)
  2. Wedge between first two toes (deep peroneal nerve)
42
Q

The “hind foot” includes which structures?

A

Talus and calcaneus

43
Q

The “mid foot” includes which structures?

A

Navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms

44
Q

The “fore foot” includes which structures?

A

Metatarsals and phalanges

45
Q

List the arches of the foot.

A
  1. Medial and lateral longitudinal

2. Transverse

46
Q

The spring, aka (X), ligament is important for (Y). What does it attach to?

A 
X = Plantar calcaneonavicular
Y = Foot arch support

Sustentaculum tali of calcenus to navicular

47
Q

The short plantar, aka (X), ligament is important for (Y). What does it attach to?

A 
X = plantar calcaneocuboid
Y = Foot arch support

Calcaneus to cuboid

48
Q

The long plantar ligament is important for (X). What does it attach to?

A

X = Foot arch support

Calcaneus to cuboid and metatarsal bases (2-4/5)

49
Q

The (short/long) plantar ligament is more superficial.

50
Q

The plantar aponeurosis attaches to:

A

Calcaneus to proximal phalanges of digits 1-5

51
Q

T/F: The plantar aponeurosis attaches to the skin.

A

True - via some superficial fibers

52
Q

Functions of plantar aponeurosis

A
  1. Absorbs load during heel strike to mid stance

2. Contributes to rigidity for effective push off

53
Q

Right before push off, the plantar aponeurosis (loosens/tightens) over (X) joints, causing (Y) to displace (proximally/distally).

A

Tightens;
X = MTP
Y = calcaneus
Distally (“locks it”)

54
Q

List the extrinsic foot muscles that support foot arches.

A
  1. Tibialis anterior and posterior
  2. Fibularis longus
  3. FHL
  4. FDL
55
Q

Layer 1 foot muscles

A
  1. FDB
  2. Abductor digiti minimi
  3. Abductor hallucis
56
Q

Layer 2 foot muscles

A
  1. Quadratus plantae

2. Lumbricals

57
Q

Layer 3 foot muscles

A
  1. Adductor hallicus
  2. Flexor digiti minimi (brevis)
  3. Flexor hallicus brevis
58
Q

Layer 4 foot muscles

A

Plantar and dorsal interossei

59
Q

Most plantar (intrinsic) foot muscles are innervated by (X) nerve. List exceptions, innervated by (Y) nerve.

A 
X = lateral plantar
Y = medial plantar
  1. Abductor hallicus
  2. FDB
  3. Lumbrical 1
  4. Flexor hallicus brevis
60
Q

Most of the medial plantar surface, including medial (X) number of toes, gets cutaneous innervation from (Y).

A 
X = 3.5
Y = medial plantar nerve
61
Q

Most of the lateral plantar surface, including lateral (X) number of toes, gets cutaneous innervation from (Y).

A 
X = 1.5
Y = lateral plantar nerve
62
Q

List intrinsic dorsal muscles of foot.

A
  1. EDB

2. EHB

63
Q

Most dorsal (intrinsic) foot muscles are innervated by (X) nerve. List exceptions, innervated by (Y) nerve.

A

X = Deep peroneal

Both are - no exceptions

64
Q

Dorsalis pedis can be palpated between which structures?

A

EHL tendon and first EDL tendon

65
Q

At (X) landmark, dorsalis pedis gives rise to:

A

X = proximal to first dorsal interosseous muscle

  1. Arcuate artery
  2. Deep plantar artery
66
Q

Arcuate artery, a branch of (X), travels in which direction?

A

X = dorsalis pedis

Laterally, over base of metatarsals

67
Q

Dorsal digital arteries arise from (X), which arise from (Y).

A 
X = dorsal metatarsal arteries
Y = either arcuate artery or dorsalis pedis
68
Q

(X), a branch of (Y), passes deep - from dorsal to plantar surface - to anastamose with (Z).

A 
X = Deep plantar artery
Y = dorsalis pedis
Z = Deep plantar arch
69
Q

The deep plantar arterial arch receives contributions from:

A
  1. Lateral plantar artery

2. Deep plantar artery (from dorsalis pedis)

70
Q

The deep plantar arterial arch gives rise to:

A

Plantar metatarsal arteries (which then give rise to plantar digital arteries)

71
Q

The gait cycle starts at:

A

Heel strike

72
Q

Gait cycle is series of events that starts from (X) and ends with (Y).

A 
X = heel strike of reference limb
Y = heel strike of SAME reference limb
73
Q

Patient with lesion to right superior gluteal nerve will demonstrate deficit in which phase of gait cycle?

A

Right mid stance (high demand of musculature on right lower limb)

74
Q

Primary concern with subcaptial femoral neck fracture is:

A

Interrupted blood supply to femoral head (especially via medial circumflex fem artery)

75
Q

Hemiarthroplasty is defined as (X) in which (Y) is (removed/replaced).

A 
X = partial arthroplasty (hip replacement)
Y = only femoral (not acetabular) component

Replaced

76
Q

If popliteal artery occluded, which arteries can supply blood to lower leg?

A
  1. Descending genicular

2. Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral

Body Structures B&L (14 decks)

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