03c: Axilla, Arm, Elbow Flashcards
Axilla anterior boundary
Pec major and minor
Axilla posterior boundary
Scapula, subscapularis, lats, teres major
Axilla medial boundary
Ribs 1-4 and serratus anterior
Axilla lateral boundary
Inter tubercular groove of humerus
Axilla base
Skin/fascia of arm
Axilla apex
Convergence of scapula, clavicle, and first rib
T/F: all blood supply to upper extremities passes through Axilla
True
Axilla contents
- Axillary artery and vein
- Lymphatics
- Brachial plexus
List name changes that the (X) artery goes through as it travels from aorta to upper arm
X = subclavian
- Axillary (1, 2, 3)
- Brachial
The axillary artery maintains its name from (X) landmark until (Y) landmark.
X = lateral border of first rib Y = inferior border of teres major
Branches off axillary artery #1.
Superior thoracic artery
Branches off axillary artery #2.
- Thoracoacromial trunk (APCD branches)
2. Lateral thoracic artery
Branches off axillary artery #3.
- PHCA
- AHCA
- Subscapular trunk (circumflex scapular artery)
(X) branches off axillary artery form anastomoses.
X = AHCA and PHCA
Scapular region receives blood supply from subclavian via which arteries?
- Suprascapular artery (off Thyrocervical trunk)
2. Dorsal scapular artery
Which three arteries form anastomoses along (anterior/posterior) scapula.
Posterior;
- Dorsal scapular
- Suprascapular
- Circumflex scapular
Major branch off brachial artery.
Brachial profunda artery
At which landmark does the brachial artery split into (X)?
Elbow;
X = radial and ulnar arteries
The (X) artery off the brachial artery further divides into (Y) interosseous arteries.
X = ulnar Y = anterior and posterior
T/F: There are anastomoses of vessels around the elbow.
True
The (X) vein, that passes through the axilla, is formed at (Y) by the union of:
X = axillary Y = Inferior border of teres major
- Brachial veins
- Basilic vein
The axillary vein drains into:
Subclavian vein
Upper extremity venous drainage: (W) drains the (X) palmar arches. The blood travels medially via (Y) and laterally via (Z).
W = dorsal venous network X = superficial and deep venous Y = basilic vein Z = cephalic vein
The (X) vein, most common site of venipuncture, is located in (Y) landmark and connects (Z).
X = median cubital Y = cubital fossa Z = basilic and cephalic veins
List articulations that contribute to elbow complex. Star those that share a joint capsule.
- Humeroulnar*
- Humeroradial*
- Proximal* and distal radioulnar
Humeroulnar joint is (X) type of joint that allows (Y) motion.
X = hinge Y = F/E
Humeroradial joint is (X) type of joint that allows (Y) motion.
X = modified hinge Y = F/E and a bit of rotation
Proximal radioulnar joint is (X) type of joint that allows (Y) motion.
X = Pivot Y = Pronation/supination
Distal radioulnar joint is (X) type of joint that allows (Y) motion.
X = pivot Y = Pronation/supination
List ligaments in elbow region that contribute to elbow complex.
- Annular
2. Medial and lateral collateral
The (X) ligament contributes to elbow stability by wrapping around (Y) and holding it against (Z).
X = annular Y = radial head Z = radial notch of ulna
(X) ligament blends with (Y) ligament of elbow. Which action does it protect against?
X = lateral collateral Y = annular
Medial deviation of forearm
Medial collateral ligament of elbow, aka (X), attaches to which specific structure(s)? Which action does it protect against?
X = ulnar collateral ligament
- Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Coronoid and olecranon processes of ulna
Lateral deviation of forearm
In supination, (X) spins on (Y). Which joints involved?
X = radius head Y = capitulum of humerus
Humeroradial, proximal and distal radioulnar
List muscles in upper arm that act to flex elbow.
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
Muscles and nerves can tolerate about (X) (sec/min/hours) of ischemia.
X = 6 hours
Fracture of surgical neck of humerus likely damages which nerve(s)/vessel(s)?
Axillary and PHCA (run posteriorly around surgical neck)
