05c: Thigh Flashcards
Deep fascia of thigh is formally called:
Fascia lata
Deep fascia of leg is formally called:v
Crural fascia
(Nerves/arteries/veins) can be found in superficial fascia of the lower extremities.
Nerves and veins
(X) vein travels up medial leg and enters (Y), where it empties into (Z).
X = great saphenous Y = saphenous opening Z = femoral vein
(X) vein travels up lateral leg and enters (Y), where it empties into (Z).
X = small saphenous Y = popliteal fossa Z = popliteal vein
Varicose veins are a result of:
Blood collection in veins due to weakened valves
Varicose veins are (superficial/deep) veins.
Superficial
Intermuscular septa is continuous with (X). What are its key functions?
X = deep fascia
- Separates thigh compartments
- Limits outward expansion of contracting muscles
- Faciliates return of venous blood
What’s compartment syndrome?
Pressure increases in compartment, compressing cappilaries (leading to necrosis)
Fasciotomy is a procedure for (X) in which (Y) occurs.
X = compartment syndrome Y = skin and fascia cut (to release pressure)
The strongest hip flexor:
Iliospoas (iliacus and psoas major)
Iliacus and psoas major have the same (origin/insertion).
Insertion
The only muscle(s) in anterior thigh not innervated by (X) is/are (Y). Why?
X = femoral nerve Y = psoas major
Femoral nerve formed within belly of psoas major
Iliopsoas pass (superficial/deep) to inguinal ligament.
Deep
List the “quad femoris” muscle group.
- Rectus femoris
2. Vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius
T/F: In anterior thigh, only muscle that acts on hip is iliopsoas.
False - rectus femoris and sartorius as well
Articularis genu is located (superficial/deep) to (X) muscle and functions to:
Deep;
X = vastus intermedius
Prevents synovial membrane from extending under patella
Which muscles attach on pes anserinus?
- Sartorius
- Gracilis
- Semitendinosus
Where exactly is pes anserinus?
Medial tibia
Femoral nerve, with SC roots (X), enters lower extremity by passing (superficial/deep) to inguinal ligament.
X = L2-4
Deep
Saphenous nerve, a branch of (X), is cutaneous supply to:
X = (largest cutaneous branch of) femoral nerve
Medial leg and foot
(X) muscle(s) in medial thigh is/are innervated by two nerves, (Y).
X = pectineus Y = obturator and femoral
Most medial thigh muscles share which action? List any exceptions.
Adduction; obturator externus
Which muscle is largest in medial compartment?
Adductur portion of adductor magnus
Obturator nerve, with SC roots (X), enters lower extremity by passing through (Y).
X = L2-4 Y = obturator canal
Obturator nerve branches near which structure? Its (X) branches descend in close proximity to which structure?
Just inferior to obturator foramen;
X = anterior and posterior
On either side of adductor brevis muscle
T/F: Obturator nerve has cutaneous branch.
True
Cutaneous supply to medial thigh via (X) nerve.
X = obturator
(Most/all) posterior thigh muscles innervated by (X) nerve. List any exceptions.
Most;
X = tibial
Except short head of biceps femoris (common fibular nerve)
(Most/all) posterior thigh muscles originate on (X). List any exceptions.
Most;
X = ischial tuberosity
Except short head biceps femoris
All posterior thigh muscles have which common action?
Knee flexion
Which, if any, posterior thigh muscles act on hip? What’s the respective action(s)?
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Long head biceps femoris
All extend hip
List posterior hip muscles and star those that insert on tibia.
- Semitendinosus*
- Semimembranosus*
- Long head and short head biceps femoris (fibula)
Sciatic nerve has which SC roots?
L4-S3
Cutaneous innervation to posterior thigh from (X) nerve.
X = Posterior femoral cutaneous
Cutaneous innervation to skin over popliteal fossa from (X) nerve.
X = posterior femoral cutaneous
Medial sural nerve comes from (X) nerve and innervates:
X = tibial nerve
Cutaneous to leg over lateral head of gastrocnemius
Lateral sural nerve comes from (X) nerve and innervates:
X = common fibular nerve
Cutaneous to area just lateral of popliteal fossa
Superior border of femoral triangle.
Inguinal ligament
Lateral border of femoral triangle.
Sartorius
Medial border of femoral triangle.
Adductor longus
Floor of femoral triangle.
Iliopsoas and pectineus
Roof of femoral triangle.
Fascia, subQ tissue, skin
Contents of fem triangle, from lateral to medial. Star those that travel together in femoral (X).
X = sheath
- Femoral Nerve
- Femoral Artery*
- Femoral Vein*
- Empty space*
- Lymphatics*
The femoral sheath is divided into which compartments?
- Lateral
- Intermediate
- Medial
Lateral compartment of femoral sheath contains:
Femoral artery
(X) compartment of femoral sheath forms femoral ring and femoral (Y), which includes (Z).
X = medial Y = canal Z = Empty space, lymphatics (deep inguinal lymph node)
The femoral (X), a proximal potential opening to femoral canal, is closed by (Y).
X = ring Y = femoral septum
Intermediate compartment of femoral sheath contains:
Femoral vein
The (X) vein travels through (Y) opening to reach/empty into the femoral vein.
X = great saphenous Y = saphenous
Femoral hernia: Disruption of (X) allows (Y) to pass through (Z).
X = femoral septum Y = visceral contents Z = femoral canal and saphenous opening (into superior thigh)
Femoral artery gives rise to (X), its largest branch, near which landmark?
X = Profunda femoris
Within femoral triangle
List branches off profunda femoris.
- Lateral circumflex femoral
- Medial circumflex femoral
- Perforating arteries (4)
Perforating arteries off of profunda femoris supply:
Muscles in all 3 thigh compartments
List terminal branches of lateral circumflex femoral artery, which stems from (X).
X = profunda femoris
- Ascending
- Transverse
- Descending
Profunda femoris route: (X) branches of (Y) arteries supply the femoral head and neck. Star the major blood supply to femoral head.
X = retinacular Y = ascending branches of medial(*) and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
List terminal branches of medial circumflex femoral artery, which stems from (X).
X = profunda femoris
- Ascending
- Transverse
Descending branch of (medial/lateral) circumflex femoral artery contributes to:
Lateral;
Genicular anastamosis
Medial circumflex femoral artery travels (on/between/under) which structures?
Between;
Iliopsoas and pectineus
Which perforating arteries from profunda femoris contribute to anastamoses?
- First (to cruciate anastamosis)
2. Fourth (anastamosis with popliteal fossa)
The purpose of cruciate anastamosis is:
Communication between branches of external and internal iliac arteries; provides alternate routes to popliteal fossa/leg
Cruciate anastamosis formed by:
- Inferior gluteal artery
- Medial and lateral circumflex femoral (transverse branches)
- First perforating artery off profunda femoris
The adductor canal extends from (X) to (Y). What’s its purpose?
X = apex of femoral triangle Y = adductor hiatus
Provides inter muscular passage for neurovascular structures
Which specific structures pass through adductor canal?
- Femoral artery and vein
- Saphenous nerve
- Nerve to vastus medialis
Nerve to vastus medialis is a branch of:
Femoral nerve
Upon passing through adductor hiatus and reaching (X), (Y) go/goes through name change to (Z).
X = popliteal fossa Y = femoral artery and vein Z = popliteal artery and vein
T/F: All blood supply to femoral head come from profunda femoris.
False
Artery of head of femur is branch off (X), which is a branch off (Y).
X = acetabular artery Y = posterior branch of obturator artery
Obturator artery gives off (X) branches that anastamose with (Y).
X = anterior and posterior Y = each other
