06a: Knee and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards
List the key joints at the knee.
- Patellofemoral
2. Tibiofemoral
T/F: The fibula doesn’t articulate with the femur.
True
Patellofemoral pain/syndrome is commonly caused by:
Abnormal tracking of patella relative to patellar surface of femur
The load of the patella (is/isn’t) constant. Explain.
Isn’t; differs according to activity
In tibiofemoral joint, which part of (X) articulates with which part of (Y)?
X = femur Y = tibia
Medial/lateral femoral condyles articulate with medial/lateral tibial condyles
Tibiofemoral joint is what type of joint? List actions at the joint.
Modified hinge; F/E and some rotation
Articular surface of (X) (tibial/femoral) condyle is longer than (Y).
X = medial
Both tibial and femoral
Y = lateral condyle
T/F: The tibial condyles and intercondylar region are covered in hyaline cartilage.
False - not the intercondylar region
Passive rotation of tibiofemoral joint occurs during the (initial/final) (X) degrees of knee (flexion/extention).
Final;
X = 20-30
Extension
When is “locking”, aka (X), of the knee most evident?
X = passive rotation
During final 5 degrees of knee extension
With the foot fixed, passive rotation occurs via (medial/lateral) rotation of (X).
Medial;
X = femur
With the femur fixed, passive rotation occurs via (medial/lateral) rotation of (X).
Lateral;
X = tibia
(X) muscle assists in knee (flexion/extension) by “unlocking” knee.
X = popliteus
Flexion
Unlocking the knee via (X) muscle is done by (medial/lateral) rotation of (Y).
X = popliteus
- Medial rotation of tibia
- Lateral rotation of femur
Genu valgum is defined as (X) and results from (Y).
X = lateral angulation of leg in relation to thigh
Y = excessive loading of lateral tibiofemoral structures
Genu varum is defined as (X) and results from (Y).
X = medial angulation of leg in relation to thigh
Y = excessive loading of medial tibiofemoral structures
The menisci are (X)-shaped (Y) that function to:
X = crescent Y = fibrocartilagenous discs
- Deepen tibial articular surface
- Increase jt congruency/stability
- Shock absorption
Outer margins of menisci attach to (femur/tibia) by (X).
Tibia;
X = coronary ligaments
Inner margins of menisci attach to (femur/tibia) by (X).
No attachment…
T/F: The menisci are avascular and have limited healing potential.
False - the outer margin is vascularized, but statement is true for inner margin of menisci
LCL, aka (X), of knee attaches to:
X = lateral collateral ligament
Lateral epicondyle of femur and fibular head
MCL, aka (X), of knee attaches to:
X = medial collateral ligament
Medial epicondyle of femur; medial tibial condyle and medial surface of tibia
(LCL/MCL) blends with joint capsule.
MCL
(LCL/MCL) attaches to (X) meniscus.
MCL;
X = medial
Knee joint: Varus stress is resisted primarily by which ligament?
LCL
Knee joint: Valgus stress is resisted primarily by which ligament?
MCL
Knee joint: the (X) cruciate ligaments are named for their (origin/attachment) on (Y).
X = anterior and posterior
Attachment;
Y = tibia
(ACL/PCL) is located (inside/outside) fibrous capsule and (inside/outside) synovial cavity.
Both ACL and PCL;
Inside; outside
Critical role of knee joint menisci is:
Shock absorption
Critical role of knee joint cruciate ligaments is:
Stabilization of joint
ACL attaches to (X) and (Y).
X = anterior tibia Y = posteromedial surface of lateral femoral condyle
Which action(s) is/are prevented by the ACL?
- Anterior displacement of tibia
2. Posterior displacement of femur
PCL attaches to (X) and (Y).
X = Posterior tibia Y = anterolateral surface of medial femoral condyle
Which action(s) is/are prevented by the PCL?
- Posterior displacement of tibia
2. Anterior displacement of femur
(ACL/PCL) provides rotational stability.
Both
(ACL/PCL) is stronger.
PCL
“Anterior Draw Test”, to test (X) integrity, is done by:
X = ACL
Pulling tibia forward
The “unhappy/terrible triad”
- Medial meniscus
- MCL
- ACL
Superior border(s) of popliteal fossa.
Lateral: Biceps femoris
Medial: Semitendinosus and semimembranosus
Inferior border(s) of popliteal fossa.
Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
Contents of popliteal fossa:
- Tibial nerve
- Common peroneal nerve
- Popliteal a and v (with branches/tributaries)
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
- Lymph nodes and fat
List branches off popliteal artery that contribute to genicular anastamosis.
- Superior medial and lateral genicular
- Inferior medial and lateral genicular
- Middle genicular
Most branches contributing to genicular anastamosis come from (X). List the remaining contributors.
X = popliteal artery
- Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral
- Descending genicular artery
- Anterior tibial recurrent
The descending genicular artery is a branch off (X) at which landmark?
X = femoral artery
Just before passing through adductor hiatus
