01a: Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

Plane that separates left and right halves.

Answer 1

Midsaggital/Median

Question 2

Plane that separates front and back sides.

Answer 2

Coronal/Frontal

Question 3

Plane that separates top and bottom.

Answer 3

Transverse/Horizontal

Question 4

Anatomical position: body is on (stomach/back), aka the (X) position.

Answer 4

Back;

X = supine

Question 5

What are saggital planes?

Answer 5

Parallel to midsaggital, but off the midline

Question 6

An extrinsic muscle differs from intrinsic muscle in that:

Answer 6

Extrinsic muscle has attachment outside specified body region

Question 7

What does valgus refer to?

Answer 7

Bone distal to joint deviates laterally (away from midline)

Question 8

What does varus refer to?

Answer 8

Bone distal to joint deviates medially (toward from midline)

Question 9

Flexion/extension usually occurs in (X) plane of section.

Answer 9

X = saggital

Question 10

Abduction/adduction usually occurs in (X) plane of section.

Answer 10

X = frontal

Question 11

T/F: all abduction/adduction occur in frontal plane.

Answer 11

False - horizontal abd/add occur in transverse plane

Question 12

Withdrawing tongue into oral cavity is an example of which movement?

Answer 12

Retraction

Question 13

What’s opposition/reposition of (X).

Answer 13

X = thumb

Thumb pad is brought toward/away from another digit pad

Question 14

Fibrous tissue sheet that envelops muscles/groups of muscles and separates either layers or groups of structures.

Answer 14

Fascia

Question 15

Bursa are (X) tissue sacs associated with (Y). What’s their function?

Answer 15

X = CT
Y = joints

Facilitate movement by reducing friction

Question 16

Concentric contraction is:

Answer 16

Muscle simulated and produces tension and shortens in length

Question 17

Eccentric contraction is:

Answer 17

Muscle simulated and produces tension and increases in length

Question 18

Skeleton composed of how many bones? How are they classified?

Answer 18

206;

By shape, location, or structure

Question 19

What are he categories for bones classified by location?

Answer 19

1. Axial

2. Appendicular

Question 20

Axial skeleton includes bones in:

Answer 20

Head, back, chest

Question 21

Appendicular skeleton includes bones in:

Answer 21

Limbs (or related to movement of limbs)

Question 22

(Anatomical/surgical) neck of humerus is more proximal.

Answer 22

Anatomical

Question 23

Deltoid tuberosity of (X) is primarily (proximal/distal) in location.

Answer 23

X = humerus

Toward middle

Question 24

(Greater/lesser) tubercle of humerus is more medial.

Answer 24

Lesser

Question 25

Joints are classified by:

Answer 25

Type of material that joins the bones

Question 26

What are the different categories of joints?

Answer 26

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous/fibrocartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 27

List subtypes of fibrous joints.

Answer 27

1. Suture
2. Syndesmosis
3. Gomphosis

Question 28

List subtypes of cartilaginous joints.

Answer 28

1. Synchondrosis

2. Symphysis

Question 29

Most common type of joint in body.

Answer 29

Synovial

Question 30

T/F: All joints allow at least some movement.

Answer 30

False - Fibrous joints have little to no movement

Question 31

T/F: there is no gliding motion in cartilaginous joints.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Intervertebral discs joint type.

Answer 32

Cartilaginous

Question 33

List the components of the synovial joint.

Answer 33

1. Articular cartilage
2. Fibrous capsule
3. Synovial membrane
4. Collateral ligaments

Question 34

Articular, aka (X), cartilage is found covering (Y) in (Z) joints.

Answer 34

X = hyaline
Y = areas of bones that come in contact
Z = synovial

Question 35

Hilton’s law states:

Answer 35

Nerves supplying joint also supply overlying skin and muscles that move the joint

Question 36

Synovial joints subtypes

Answer 36

1. Uniaxial
2. Biaxial
3. Triaxial
4. Nonaxial (plane joint)

Question 37

Uniaxial joints include which types?

Answer 37

1. Hinge (flexion/ext)

2. Pivot (rotation)

Question 38

Biaxial joints include which types?

Answer 38

1. Condyloid (F/E, Ab/Add)

2. Saddle (F/E, Ab/Add)

Question 39

Triaxial joints include which types?

Answer 39

1. Ball and socket

Question 40

T/F: children can be affected by arthritis.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Arthritis is more common among (women/men).

Answer 41

Women

Question 42

T/F: Arthritis has high prevalence and is second most common form of disability in the US.

Answer 42

False - the MOST common cause of disability in US