01a: Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
Plane that separates left and right halves.
Midsaggital/Median
Plane that separates front and back sides.
Coronal/Frontal
Plane that separates top and bottom.
Transverse/Horizontal
Anatomical position: body is on (stomach/back), aka the (X) position.
Back;
X = supine
What are saggital planes?
Parallel to midsaggital, but off the midline
An extrinsic muscle differs from intrinsic muscle in that:
Extrinsic muscle has attachment outside specified body region
What does valgus refer to?
Bone distal to joint deviates laterally (away from midline)
What does varus refer to?
Bone distal to joint deviates medially (toward from midline)
Flexion/extension usually occurs in (X) plane of section.
X = saggital
Abduction/adduction usually occurs in (X) plane of section.
X = frontal
T/F: all abduction/adduction occur in frontal plane.
False - horizontal abd/add occur in transverse plane
Withdrawing tongue into oral cavity is an example of which movement?
Retraction
What’s opposition/reposition of (X).
X = thumb
Thumb pad is brought toward/away from another digit pad
Fibrous tissue sheet that envelops muscles/groups of muscles and separates either layers or groups of structures.
Fascia
Bursa are (X) tissue sacs associated with (Y). What’s their function?
X = CT Y = joints
Facilitate movement by reducing friction
Concentric contraction is:
Muscle simulated and produces tension and shortens in length
Eccentric contraction is:
Muscle simulated and produces tension and increases in length
Skeleton composed of how many bones? How are they classified?
206;
By shape, location, or structure
What are he categories for bones classified by location?
- Axial
2. Appendicular
Axial skeleton includes bones in:
Head, back, chest
Appendicular skeleton includes bones in:
Limbs (or related to movement of limbs)
(Anatomical/surgical) neck of humerus is more proximal.
Anatomical
Deltoid tuberosity of (X) is primarily (proximal/distal) in location.
X = humerus
Toward middle
(Greater/lesser) tubercle of humerus is more medial.
Lesser
Joints are classified by:
Type of material that joins the bones
What are the different categories of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous/fibrocartilaginous
- Synovial
List subtypes of fibrous joints.
- Suture
- Syndesmosis
- Gomphosis
List subtypes of cartilaginous joints.
- Synchondrosis
2. Symphysis
Most common type of joint in body.
Synovial
T/F: All joints allow at least some movement.
False - Fibrous joints have little to no movement
T/F: there is no gliding motion in cartilaginous joints.
True
Intervertebral discs joint type.
Cartilaginous
List the components of the synovial joint.
- Articular cartilage
- Fibrous capsule
- Synovial membrane
- Collateral ligaments
Articular, aka (X), cartilage is found covering (Y) in (Z) joints.
X = hyaline Y = areas of bones that come in contact Z = synovial
Hilton’s law states:
Nerves supplying joint also supply overlying skin and muscles that move the joint
Synovial joints subtypes
- Uniaxial
- Biaxial
- Triaxial
- Nonaxial (plane joint)
Uniaxial joints include which types?
- Hinge (flexion/ext)
2. Pivot (rotation)
Biaxial joints include which types?
- Condyloid (F/E, Ab/Add)
2. Saddle (F/E, Ab/Add)
Triaxial joints include which types?
- Ball and socket
T/F: children can be affected by arthritis.
True
Arthritis is more common among (women/men).
Women
T/F: Arthritis has high prevalence and is second most common form of disability in the US.
False - the MOST common cause of disability in US
