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Body Structures B&L > 02a: Back, Vertebral Column > Flashcards

02a: Back, Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial back muscle primarily concerned with which actions?

A

Positioning and moving limbs

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2
Q

Intermediate back muscle primarily concerned with which actions?

A

Respiration

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3
Q

Deep back muscle primarily concerned with which actions?

A

Move/maintain axial skeleton position (posture)

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4
Q

Which back muscles are not “true” back muscles?

A

Superficial and intermediate layers (don’t actually act on the back)

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5
Q

Adults have (X) number of vertebrae. What’s the breakdown?

A

X = 26

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
1 sacral (5 fused)
1 coccygeal (4 fused)
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6
Q

A typical vertebra has (X) number of processes. List them.

A

X = 7

1 spinous
2 transverse
4 Articular

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7
Q

Pedicles of vertebra attach:

A

Body to transverse processes

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8
Q

Lamina of vertebra attach:

A

Spinous process to transverse processes

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9
Q

SC runs through the (X).

A

X = vertebral canal

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10
Q

Articulate processes of two successive vertebrae form which joint? Which type of cartilage present?

A

Synovial; hyaline

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11
Q

C1, aka (X), lacks which structure?

A

X = atlas

Body and spinous process

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12
Q

The lateral masses on (X) vertebra interact with (Y) on skull.

A 
X = C1
Y = occipital condyles
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13
Q

Which cervical vertebra is the strongest?

A

C2

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14
Q

C2, aka (X), has which special structure?

A

X = axis

Dens (odontoid process)

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15
Q

Which motion found at atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Gliding (flex/extend)

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16
Q

Which motion found at atlanto-axial joint?

A

Rotation

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17
Q

(X) vertebrae have special foramen in (Y). What passes through here?

A 
X = cervical
Y = transverse processes

Vertebral arteries

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18
Q

(X) vertebrae have special facets called (Y). What are they for?

A 
X = thoracic
Y = costal

Articulation with ribs

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19
Q

Primary spine curvature develops at which point in life?

A

In utero

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20
Q

Primary spine curvature is found in (X) parts of spine and is (concave/convex) anteriorly.

A

X = thoracic and sacral

Concave

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21
Q

Secondary spine curvature develops at which point in life?

A

First 1-2 yr of life

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22
Q

Secondary spine curvature is found in (X) parts of spine and is (concave/convex) anteriorly.

A

X = cervical and lumbar

Convex

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23
Q

Kyphosis is:

A

Hunchback (abnormal increase in posterior curvature of spine)

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24
Q

(X) abnormal curvature typically found in pregnant women.

A

X = hyperlordosis

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25
Q

Scoliosis is:

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine

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26
Q

List possible actions of spine.

A
  1. Flexion/extension
  2. Lateral flexion
  3. Rotation
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27
Q

Joints between articulate processes of vertebrae are formally called:

A

Zygapophyseal joints

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28
Q

Intervertebral joints are between (X) of vertebrae. What kind of joint?

A

X = bodies

Fibrocartilaginous (symphysis)

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29
Q

IV discs are made up of:

A

Fibrocartilage and water

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30
Q

IV discs serve which primary function?

A

Absorb shock

31
Q

What are the parts of the IV disc?

A
  1. Anulus fibrosis

2. Nucleus pulposus

32
Q

Which type of motion found at zygapophyseal joints?

A

Plane/gliding

33
Q

List the ligaments that support vertebral column.

A
  1. Anterior/posterior longitudinal ligaments
  2. Ligamentum flavum
  3. Interspinous ligament
  4. Supraspinous ligament
34
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament runs from (X) to (Y).

A 
X = skull (occipital bone)
Y = sacrum
35
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament runs from (X) to (Y).

A 
X = C2
Y = sacrum
36
Q

Tectorial membrane is continuous with:

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

37
Q

Which ligament attaches to tips of vertebral spines?

A

Supraspinous ligament

38
Q

Ligamentum flavum connects:

A

Lamina of adjacent vertebrae

39
Q

Interspinous ligament connects:

A

Spines of adjacent vertebrae

40
Q

Ligamentum nuchae is:

A

Continuation of Supraspinous ligament (in cervical region)

41
Q

There are (X) number of SC segments. List them.

A

X = 31

8 C
12 T
5 L
5 S
1 Cocc
42
Q

There are (X) enlargements of SC. Why?

A

X = cervical and lumbar

More nerves going to extremities

43
Q

SC ends at (X), around which number vertebrae?

A

X = conus medullaris

L1/2

44
Q

Spinal nerves exit via:

A

Intervertebral foramen

45
Q

In cervical region, spinal nerves exit (above/below) respective vertebrae.

A

Above

46
Q

Most common SC sites of disc herniations.

A

L4/5 or L5/S1

47
Q

Second most common sites of disc herniations.

A

C5/6

48
Q

Herniated disc may be due to:

A
  1. Disc degeneration
  2. Excessive weight
  3. Bad posture
  4. Improper lifting
49
Q

Herniations of disc commonly occur in which direction? Why?

A

Posterolaterally;

  1. anulus fibrosus is relatively thin
  2. No support from post/ant long ligaments
50
Q

Disc herniations differ between which two SC regions? This is due to (X).

A

Cervical and lumber;

X = difference in size and structure of intervertebral foramen

51
Q

In cervical region, disc herniation affects nerve (above/at/below) that level.

A

At

52
Q

In lumbar region, disc herniation affects nerve (above/at/below) that level.

A

Below

53
Q

Spina bifida occurs when:

A

Vertebral laminae fail to fuse

54
Q

Spins bifida occulta

A

One or more L or S spinous processes fail to fuse (asymptomatic)

55
Q

Spina bifida (X) may result in hydrocephalus.

A

X = cystica

56
Q

In spina bifida cystica (meningocele), what protrudes through spinal column defect?

A

Meninges (contains CSF)

57
Q

In spina bifida cystica (meningomyelocele), what protrudes through spinal column defect?

A

Meninges and SC

58
Q

List deep muscles of back.

A
  1. Erector spinae
  2. Splenius capitis and cervicis
  3. Semispinalis capitus
59
Q

Spinotransversales muscle group includes:

A

Splenius capitis and cervicis

60
Q

Splenius capitis originates on (X) and inserts on (Y).

A 
X = spinous processes 
Y = skull
61
Q

Splenius cervicis originates on (X) and inserts on (Y).

A 
X = spinous processes 
Y = transverse processes (C1-C4)
62
Q

Semispinalis capitis originates on (X) and inserts on (Y).

A 
X = transverse processes 
Y = skull
63
Q

Serratus posterior (sup and inf) originate on (X) and inserts on (Y).

A 
X = spinous processes
Y = ribs
64
Q

Splenius capitis innervation

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

65
Q

Splenius cervicis innervation

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

66
Q

Semispinalis capitis innervation

A

Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

67
Q

Erector spinae innervation

A

Dorsal rami of (respective) spinal nerves

68
Q

Splenius capitis action

A

Unilateral: ipsilateral flexion and rotation of neck

Bilateral: extend head/neck

69
Q

Splenius cervicis action

A

Unilateral: ipsilateral flexion and rotation of neck

Bilateral: extend head/neck

70
Q

Semispinalis capitis action

A

Extension of neck and contralateral rotation of head

71
Q

Erector spinae action

A

Unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion of vertebral column

Bilateral: extension of vertebral column

72
Q

List the intermediate back muscles

A

Serratus post (sup and inf)

73
Q

List the superficial back muscles

A
  1. Traps
  2. Lats
  3. Rhomboids (major and minor)
  4. Locator scapulae
74
Q

When giving an endurance anesthetic, list ligaments that needle passes through.

A
  1. Supraspinous
  2. Interspinous
  3. Ligamentum flavum

Body Structures B&L (14 decks)

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