041 Vaccinations Flashcards
What type of vaccine is used against BCG?
Live attenuated vaccine
What type of vaccine is used against Polio?
Live attenuated oral vaccine; inactivated vaccine
What type of vaccine is used against Tetanus?
Subunit vaccinations or passive immunization
What type of vaccine is used against Hep A?
Subunit vaccines
What type of vaccine is used against Hep B?
Inactivated vaccine
What type of vaccine is used against MMR?
Live attenuated vaccine
What type of vaccine is used against Rabies?
Inactivated vaccine; passive immunization
What type of vaccine is used against influenza?
Inactivated vaccination
What type of vaccine is used against meningococcus?
Subunit vaccine
What type of vaccine is used against botulism?
Passive immunization
What type of vaccine is used against diptheria?
Subunit vaccination
What are adjuvants and give and example?
These boost the immune response to co-delivered antigen by providing long term depot of antigen and by stimulating antigen-presenting cells. Common use is alum (aluminium hydroxide/alumnion phosphate.
What are the 5 different types of vaccinations?
Live attenuated vaccination inactivated vaccination subunit vaccine passive immunisation conjugate vaccine
What type of vaccine is used against polysaccharide antigens? Against what organisms?
Conjugate vaccine - H. influenza, S. pneumonia, N. meningitis
How do conjugate vaccinations work?
The antigen is attached to a protein that will stimulate the more appropriate immune response against both itself and the antigen.
What is the basic reproductive number? R0
The number of cases that arise from a single case
What is herd immunity?
You do not need to immunize everybody in order to protect everybody.
What is the main protective aspect of intracellular bacteria?
TH1 CD4 T cells
Who discovered the small pox vaccine and how?
Edward Jenner by giving prior exposure to vaccina (a closely related virus)
What is the main protective aspect of extracellular bacteria?
Antibodies
What is the main protective aspect of viruses?
CD8 T cells, Tc, antibody
What are some current vaccinations that are being developed?
MenC - Meningococcal Group C conjugate
PVC - Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine
HPV 16/18 - Cervarix cervical cancer vaccine
When was the last case of small pox?
1977
What is required for subunit vaccines?
Booster shots and adjuvants are needed
Why is the polio oral vaccination more favorable than the injection?
Because polio replicates in the gut and is transmitted fecal-orally before it causes pathology in the nervous system. This not only prevents disease, but also transmission.
