038 Parasitic Diseases

Question 1

What is the most pathogenic strain of Malaria?

Answer 1

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 2

What is malaria transmitted by?

Answer 2

Anopheles mosquito

Question 3

What is the pathogenesis of malaria?

Answer 3

After injection into host, there is circulation in liver and red blood cells. Aggregation in cerebrum can occur.

Question 4

How many people are at risk of malaria?

Answer 4

40% in the world (2.5 million)

Question 5

How many children die from malaria?

Answer 5

20% of child deaths

Question 6

How do we treat malaria?

Answer 6

No current vaccination; bed nets prevent transmission

Question 7

What is Leishmania?

Answer 7

Protozoa blood borne

Question 8

How is leishmania transmitted?

Answer 8

Through aedes fly and filial worms

Question 9

Is there a treatment for leishmania?

Answer 9

There is vaccination to some degree

Question 10

What is the pathogenesis of Leishmania?

Answer 10

It invades macrophages

Question 11

What are symptoms of leishmania?

Answer 11

Fragile epidermis, damage to skin, ulcer occurs causing secondary infections

Question 12

What are the two types of trypanosome?

Answer 12

Trypanosome brucei (africa), Trypanosome cruzi (south america)

Question 13

What are trypanosomes?

Answer 13

Blood borne protozoa

Question 14

What parasite causes the Chagas disease?

Answer 14

Trypanosome cruzi

Question 15

How are filarial worms transmitted?

Answer 15

Through insect bites

Question 16

What is the pathogenesis of filarial worms?

Answer 16

There are lymphatic disease causing oedema by Wuchena bancofti and Brugana malayi. Some also cause blindness such as Loa loa

Question 17

What is toxoplasma?

Answer 17

A blood bourne protozoa that forms cysts

Question 18

How is toxoplasma transmitted?

Answer 18

Through uncooked meat e.g. lamb

Question 19

What is the pathogenesis of toxoplasma?

Answer 19

There are 2 stages. 1. tachyzoite active stage in the blood of immunocompromised infecting macrophages in the blood; 2. latent cysts in the tissue (particularly brain) that can stay quiescent for up to 10 years using lipid stores as energy

Question 20

What are Schistosomas?

Answer 20

Flatworms that are blood borne

Question 21

How is Schistosoma transmitted ?

Answer 21

Direct invasion and through water

Question 22

What is the pathogenesis of Schistosoma?

Answer 22

Male and female are both located close together in capillaries of the liver. The eggs have hooks that pierce the capillary and find itself in liver tissue. It enters the bile duct and out to external environment.

Question 23

In histology what is an indication of Schistosoma infection?

Answer 23

Since the journey of eggs is so long, granulomas from the host defence will be visibly seen congregating around the egg.