(01) Actinomycetales

Question 1

(Actinomycetaceae)

1. gram?
2. rods?
3. aerobic or facultatve anaerobic
4. associated with what types of diseases?
5. originally thought to be fungi

how do filaments differ?

6. acid fast?
7. Forms sulfur granules that are what compared to those of Actinobacillus?

granules composed of what?

8. causes chronic infections of what?

Answer 1

1. POSITIVE (the first one)
2. long, branching filamentous rods (fragment upon staining)
3. chronic, purluent diseases which are hard to treat
4. these filaments <1um, fungi >5 um
5. non-acid fast
6. larger and more yellow

filaments and mineralized calcium phosphate

8. both hard and soft tissue

Question 2

(Actinomycetaceae)

(Dogs - A. viscosus, A. hordeovulnairs, A. canis, A. Catuli)

1. obligate parasite where in body?
2. Acute to chronic swelling of the soft tissue associated with what?

(Cats - Actinomyces Infection)

3. subcutaneous bite wound abcesses
4. what is most common problem in cats?

Answer 2

1. canine oropharynx (and digestive tract which usually cause no problems)
2. head and neck (mandible and submandibular region most common)
3. pyothorax

Question 3

(Actinomycetaceae)

(Infection and Pathogenesis - Cats and Dogs)

1. deep chest wounds can lead to what?
2. can you detect this radiographically?

Answer 3

1. pyothorax with accumulation of pericardial fluid

(will present as cough, dyspnea)

2. yes

Question 4

(Actinomycetaceae)

1. can it be transmitted to humans?

Answer 4

1. no reports - but a bitten human can develop actinomycosis

Question 5

(Cattle - Actinomyces Bovis)

1. commensal of what in cattle?
2. causes what in cattle?
3. 5 Cx?
4. usually introduced to deep tissue by what?
5. Infection results in dense mat surrounded by neutrophils, macrophages, plasma cells
6. What break down CT and faciliate spread through tissues?
7. cause what in horses?
8. pigs?
9. Diagnosis?
10. vaccination?

Answer 5

1. oral cavity - common environmental contaminant (they are opportunistic)
2. “lumpy jaw”

immovable hard swellings on upper and lower jaw bones of cattle - at central molar level

suppurative abscesses develop and rupture, bone deteriorates

2. 5 difficutly breathing (due to involvement of nasal bones), the chewing becomes difficult –> loss of condition
3. foreign bodies
4. proteolytic enzymes from neutrophils and macrophages
5. fistuolous withers and poll evil
6. suppurative mastitis
7. culture it
8. nope

Question 6

(Swine - Actinobaculum Suis)

1. also have branched filaments - but only when?
2. causes purulent superficial wounds of what?

if infection becomes chronic what may form?

3. can causes what in older sows?

how do you know

Answer 6

1. cultured in vitro
2. mammary glands during suckling

draining tracts

3. cystitis

dark or blood-tinged urine

Question 7

(Arcanobacterium Pyogenes)

1. found in what?
2. where on body?
3. enters deep tissues via what?
4. colonizes a wide variety of tissues…

usually associated with what?

arthritis with what in joints?

rarely may cause?

occasionally cause umbilical cord infection… may be infectious if progresses to what?

5. responds to treatment with what drug?

Answer 7

1. many species (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs)
2. commensal of skin, upper respiratory, and genitals
3. wounds to skin
4. mastitis

caseous pus

placentitis and abortion

polyarthritis

5. penicillin

Question 8

(Nocardia)

1. gram?
2. indistinguisahble from what?
3. resting phase = ?

active phase = ?

4. oxygen?

Answer 8

1. positive (branching)
2. actinomyces
3. coccobacillary

filamentous forms

4. OBLIGATE AEROBES

Question 9

(Nocardia Asteroides)

1. live where in environment?
2. exposure is by what?
3. causes generalized, chronic, progressive disease

4. suppurative, granulomatous lesions with what involved?

5. four serotypes - mammals but rarely what?
6. infection aided by immunosuppression
7. virulent strains can block what?
8. cause what in sheep/goats?

Answer 9

1. soil saproophytes
2. dirt into wounds or inhalation/ingestion

4. draining lymph nodes

5. rarely birds

7. phagolysosomal fusion (survive in phagocytes)

8. acute or chronic mastitis

(milk contains exudate with blood clots/clumps of bacteria)

Question 10

(Nocardia Asteroides)

(Dogs and Cats)

1. usually localized skin infections where?
2. involvement of what often seen?

3. in dogs, genearlized nocardiosis results in what?

(Birds and marine mammals)

rarely see anything (if anything its resp)

Rare in horses/swine

5. diagnosis?
6. which drug is useful?

which drug are they resistant to?

7. mortality in dogs cats how high for pyothorax form?
8. susceptible to chlorine
9. can humans get via direct contact?

via what then?

Answer 10

1. in extremities
2. lymph node

3. large quantities of fluid in abdominal cavity

5. culutre
6. sulonamides

PENICILLIN (fairly to fluroquinolones)

7 . >75%!!!

9. no

bites

Question 11

(Dermatophilus)

(Dermatophilus Congolensis)

1. cause what?
2. in what?
3. gram?
4. found where in environment?

5. what is infective form called?

6. cause what?

referred to as what?

7. what predisposes to infection?
8. reservoir = infected animals

Answer 11

1. dermatophilsosis (skin disease)

(damages animal hide and decreases productivity)

2. many domestic and wild
3. positive (filamentous)
4. non-infective

5. INFECTIVE ZOOSPORES

6. exudative dermatitis (hard crusts) -

“cutaneous streptothricosis”” or “rain scald”

7. trauma, persistent wetting