01/22 terminology Flashcards
what does macroscopic mean
it regards big systems
it discusses properties of systems as a whole
thermodynamics deals with macroscopic ideas
What does microscopic mean
it refers to the atomic and molecular details of a system, this deals with quantum mechanics
what are the systems and surroundings
the system is the part of interests, the surroundings is everything else
open systems exchange what with the surroundings?
open systems exchange both matter and energy with the surroundings
what do closed systems exchange with the surroundings
closed systems only exchange energy with the surroundings
what do isolated systems exchange with the surroundings
isolated systems do not exchange energy or matter with the surroundings
provide an explanation why a mug of coffee is an open system
the molecules of water can escape into the atmosphere as steam while the energy of the cup can be expressed as heat as the coffee cools down
provide an explanation why a lidded cup of coffee is a closed system
the molecules of water cannot escape because it is lidded but energy can still be transferred through the cup as it cools down
provide an explanation why a thermos of coffee is an isolated system
the molecules of water cannot escape through the lidded cup and the heat energy cannot escape through the thermos
what is an extensive property, provide examples
it is something that depends on the size of the system
ex.) mass, volume, moles
what is an intensive property
it is something that is independent of the size of the system
ex.) pressure, temperature, density, molarity
when cutting a box of gas in half without changing the temperature, what happens to the pressure
the pressure remains the same because the amount of moles and volume decreases by 1/2 and these cancel out in PV=nRT, so the ratio remains fixed
what do you always get when you divide two extensive properties
you will always get an intensive property
