4/9 Flashcards
for one electron atoms, what does the orbital energy depend on?
n
for atoms with more than one electron, what does the orbital energy depend on
l and n
if you have a larger value of n, what happens to the energy
it increases
what has a larger energy? 4s or 3s?
4s has higher energy, n is larger
what has a larger energy 4p or 2p?
4p has higher energy
for a given n, what happens to the energy as the value of l increases
it increases
what has higher energy? 3s, 3p, or 3d?
3d has the highest energy since it’s l value is the highest
why does the energy increase with l?
due to the effective nuclear charge
what is the effective nuclear charge?
it describes the amount of positive charge that a an electron experiences
how does the distance of an electron from the nucleus affect its energy?
it will experience a smaller amount of Zeffective charge and will have higher energy
why does zeffective decrease with l?
the core electrons will reduce the positive charge experienced by the electrons
what does Z tell you?
it is the atomic number and it tells you the # of protons in the atom or the amount od posiitve nuclear charge
compared to f, how close is s to the nucleus and how does this affect it’s shielding, attraction, Zeffective, and energy?
s is the closest to the nucleus so it experiences the least amount of shielding and has the strongest attraction to the nucleus
it will have the larger Zeffective and smaller energy
compared to s, how close is f to the nucleus and how does this affect it’s shielding, attraction, Zeffective, and energy?
the f orbital is far from the nucleus, so it experiences the largest amount of shielding and has the weakest attraction to the nucleus
it will have the smaller Zeff and higher energy
what is the poly exclusion principle
no two electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers
what is hund’s rule
for a set of equivalent orbitals, fill with one electron initilaly to maximize the parallel spins
what is the afbau principle
you can determine the electron configuration by filling the orbitals in order
