zoos Flashcards
what percent zoo income typically goes cons
5%
why zoos gaps cons aims and performance
compition commercial and conservation aims
what fields merge zoo conservation biology
-captive animal managment
-translocation bio
-cons education
-small pop bio
how would you bring back the passenger pigeon (stewart brand)
-use band tailed pidgeon replace parts of its DNA to make it resemble passenger pigeon
how to make sure passenger poigeon could survive in the wild
-use home pidgeon teach flock find home
learderwilliams et al 2007 what is the role of zoos
-support cons endagered species
-increase sc k beneficial cons
-promote public and political awerness need cons
learder-williams et al 2007 do ccordinated zoo programs focus wide reange of threatened species and follow rational speices selection
-increased amount threatened speceis is zoos
-large and small bodies
0bird, reptile over represnt small bodies
-not animals likly be able reintroduce to many threats
-
learder-williams et al what type of species should zoos prioritise in their collections and why
small bodied= more cost effective
more likly be able reintroduce
learder williams et al 2007 are zoos evenly distributed where there is the most biod that needs protecting?
learder williams et al 2007 where do we need to increase zoo visits and why
-biod rich developing coutnries- help increase education biod
learder williams et al 2007 do zoos implement world zoo strategy through effort promote education, public awareness and research insitu cons
-zoos more role insitu cons when run by charity
-help education and research
-money for insitu cons not linked to number of visits
-should put zoos close to where animals be released more cost effective
clayton et al 2008 what role zoos have helping to learn about animals
-encourage behavour change
-observe animals help think what mean to be human and place in world
-learning by promoting positive experiences animals
clayton 2008 what % visitors read sighns
27%
clayton 2008 why do people visit zoos
outing and social interaction
clayton 2008 how can zoos helplearning animals
-learning cons in social interaction
learn through leasure pursuit
-enjoyment and learning occur same time
-spark curiosity
-connect pepole to nature promote feeling and discussion help cons nature
convey social norms- care wildlife
clayton 2008 how could zoos improve there role learning animals
-more accessible info
-more interactuve sighns for learning and social interaction
mooney et al 2020 what characterisitcs of animals encourage people to attend zoos
-large animals , many animals, high species richness
mooney et al 2020 how should zoos manage there animals for maximum conservation benefits
-flagship species bring in attendance thus money conservation
-high attendance could also achieve lots different small species could have more cons importance breeding/reintroduction
mooney et al 2020 what factors influence zoo attendance
-mamal species richness
-total animals
-dissimilarity other zoo
-body mass
GDP
-pop
che-castaldo et a; 2018 how do north american zoos contribute speceis recovery
-cons research
-field based monitoring
-assurance pop
-education
che-castaldo et al 2018 how could zoos improve there cons impact
-focus on more threatened species
-more native threatened populations
-education directly impact wild species
-more coordination zoos and other organisations
club, mason 2007 what is the biggest factor associated animal mortality zoos
-home ranging (how far move day to day basis)
club, mason 2007 how can zoos reduce the mortality of there animals
-focus enclosure range tendencies
-more s[ace
-more den sites
-say-to-day varibilty
-more stimuli
-phase out large range species focus small range instead
conde et al 2013 what percentage zoo animals threatened species
-23% (same if amount if animals selected random)
conde et al 2013 what managment recomendation help zoos preserve species
1) manage metapopualtion
2) ID cluster priority species ideally close to natural habitat
2) coordinate breeding programs
3) try have several clusters each animal stop impacts catastrophic events
5) animal close-radius breeding
6) create treaties help cross boarder management
jamiesonm 1985 why we should abolish zoos
deny animals of liberty , worse health. create false impression humans on top of natural order in reality one many species
lees and wilkan 2009 are zoos manageing pop sustainbly
no
need help retain 90% genes not meeting this
sander 2013 reason why it is ethical de-extinct species
–justice
-restablish lost value
-create value0science, postive cons story, now exist
-conservations last resort
-ok to modify other things
-could be done humanly
-can be done greater good
sander 2013 reasons why not ethical to de-extinct species
-species don’t have welfare concerns, dead, no justice bring back
-better use resources to stop further extinction
-won’t be the same species
-ecological context not the same
–new species won’t have same value
-genetic hybrid
-unnatural
-animal welfare concerns
-ecological health concern
-play god
-hubris
-overestimate ability to achieve
-not tackling route cause problem
sander 2013 conclusion should we deextincit speceis
-could be done with good science lacks strong ethical argument to not to as long as doesn’t take away efforts conserving alive animals OK
define assisted colonisation sedon 2010
translocation species beyond their natural range protect from human-induced threats
sedon 2010 why need assisted colonisation
-help protect species from the threat of climate change
sedon 2010 how to implement assisted colonisation
-start looking at historic range species
-look suitable species restore ecological function
-reintro bio + restoration ecologist join forces create novel ecs viaa colonisation help single speceis and ecs goals
sedon et al 2014 what must look at before deciding to deextinct a species
-availability habitats
-risk failure
-unexpecte impact on humans and ecs
-does it achieve cons goals
what ways are there to deexstinct a species
-back-breeding
-cloning
-genetic engineering
sherkow greely 2013 argument agaisnt deextinction
–animal welfare
-health- vector pathogens
-are still classed endangered
-act invasive
-not enough food
-lack genetic diversity
-political- money diverted other things
-moral play god
sherkow greely 2013 arguments for deextinct species
-wonder
-sc. k
-tech advancement
-envi benefit
whats sherkow greely 2013 conclusion should dextinct
-shouldn’t spend public money on but if rich individual OK, need regulation ensure welfare species
thomous 2001 where to move species to translocate to stop climate change
-same broad geographic region
-not island
-area generalist species e.g great nritian
what are the different origins zoos in the UK
-learned societies: ZSL, Edinbough
-collectors: Durrel
-hobiest: ASpinal
-themepark - chester
1980s how did zoos change
moved to charatible trusts
what are zoo cons role exsitu
-breeding
-genetic life boat
-reintroduction
what zoo insitu role
-running projects
-funding
-support
-indo , idea , skill, training
-awernes, edication , inspiration
0 reeach, k
example what work bronte zoo been involved ion
-return bison
-nixon panda exchange
-wildlife cons society
when ZSL founded
1826
who founded ZSL
sir stamford raffle
who was sir stamford raffle
-british colonial officer
-shape Malaysia and Singapore
-return london keen botany, zoology
-established ZSL
what are the 4 division ZSL
-London zoo(first sc zoo)
-ZSL whipsnade zoo
-institute zoology
-cons programs (eg cheaters Serengeti)
BIAZA stand for
-British, irish association zoos and aquariums
what role BIAZA
help zoo:
-comply biaza code and practice
-animal welfare, cons, education, research
clayton et al 2018 how many people visit zoo to have outing family and friends
66%
clayton et al 2018 how many people visit zoos to learn about animals
12%
clayton et al 2018 how many people think zoos purpose teach animals and cons
42%
clayton et al 2018 how many people think zoo purpose protect species
9%
what kind zoo more involved education and research
charity zoos
example zoo cons campaign
chester zoo- free palm oil
examples zoos topics zoos help research
-understanding impact of inbreeding
-understand function and relationship produce stress
-wildlife disease diagnosis and treatment
-diet and nutrition
-health welfare
-animal behavour
example species saved conservation breeding
-mountain chicken frog
-ploughshare tortoise
-
what aim captive breeding programs
mange species:
-self sustaining
-genetically and demographically stable
-survive into future without acting sink wildpop
example species extinct in wild but some left captivity
spix macaw
example species successful reintro program
-American bison
-golden lion tamarin
why mean kinship important
-want to breed animals low mean kinship to maximise biod
whats effective population
nom animals breeding and contributing offspring to the population
what issues with captive breeding
-costly
-socio-political factors determine sucess
-technical difficulties
-species don’t learn skill survive
what socail political factors limited the sucess arabian oryx
locals com not suffeintly involved cons effort = high level poaching continued
how was chough jersy saved
-extinct jersy 1900
-habitat restoration
-captive breeding jersy zoo
soft release get aqainted wild
how zoos act as a genetic recourse bank
-frozen zoo- DNA, sperm embryo living tissue
-cryopreservation artificial insemination
-barcoding species minimise genetic loss and hybridisation
example sucessful artificial reproduction
-pandas 1980
-lab tec solve cons problems
when did captive breeding program sumatran rhino start
2001
what issues captive breeding sumatran rhinoes
difficult find capture keep and breed
how many sumatran rhino captured vs how many born captivity
captured= 46
bonr captivity= 4
whats zoo roles insitu conservation
-develop cons project wild
-help education and research
- 3rd major contributor consmust consider role cons
how much WAZA spend zoo yr
(350 milion
critism zoo
-animal welfare
-outdated education echperince
-hand rearing
-cage conflcit
-behavioral abnormalities- zoochosis
reson zoo not good reintro
-behavor and gentic adaptions captivity
-unkown founder origin , hybridsatiob, inbreed, loss genetic diversity
-risk disease translocation
