hunting Flashcards
what main motivation hunting
-trade
-food
-recreation
-remove fangerous predators
-remove pests
what been impact bushmeat
-loss species and function
-loss pollinators
-seed predators, dispers
loss predators and prey species
how does size relate to hunting
- go for largest animals first and then hunt down the food web
major risk of bushmeat trade
zoonosis
how many birds are illegally killed as migrate to meditation
11-36 million
where are migrating birds killed
-north Africa
-Middle east
-Mediterranean
how migrating birds killed
-shooting
-trapping
-poisning
why is management of illegal bird killing inadequate
-not enough scientific evidence hunting
-poor legal regulation and law enforcement
-lack regional agreement managment
how can scource sink models be used to mange hunting
-only hunt in sink areas not hte scource
Example of scource sink reserve peru
-populations persisted as hunt from the sink and leave the source = tapirs recruited source population = maintain numbers
Using source sink knowledge what conservation measures should be put in place to help manage hunting
-scouce areas fully protected
-hunting areas connected to scource areas
what cultural context must we understand to adress recreational hunting
-when
-where
-how
-what used
-how to adress
what are traditionalists view recreational hunting
-scource sustainable meat
-can be regulated
-help remove problem individual
how many kangroo hunted year
5 million
why kangroo hunted
-cause overgrazing habitats threatened species
-sport
-pet food
how science used hunting
-population growth rates and suples
-MSY
work out how many takew
why did southern white rhino cover
limited hunting gave incentives for there conservation
became peoples property = incentive conserve
is white rhinoes sucess story
-recovered but in fenced areas, heavily guarded so are they wild anymore?
requirements sustainable hunting
-good monitoring
-statuary regulation
-public funding
what species have been saved by hunting
-white tailed deer
-prong horn antelope
-wild turkey
-helped create PAS
value of recreational hunting compare tourism
-low ecological impact
-high earning
-less infrastructure
-benefit local
-contribute pas and cons management
key issues hunting
-more science needed
-context specific=hard to generalise
-polorised debate
-strong regulation enforcment
-corruption
learder williams et al what needs to be done to manage rhino hunting (2005)
-ensure biological s
-good monitoring
-reward good biological management and long t term comitment cons
-ensure internal and external control
recomendation for best practice rhino hunting leader williams et al 2005
-CITES national quota
-public campaighn show good idea
–create code of contact
-make legal
-link instutution
-quota no bigger 1% populaiton
-focus surplus males
-sport riffle
-allocation quota private sectir
-use lottery
auction rhinoes max finance
what steps could help save the white rhino?
-make property of the people
-auction=more money to protect
-harvest horn
-legalise trade
-market incentive protection
are brocket dear being harvested sustaiable in peru? hurtado-Gonzales, Bodmer 2003
Yes- fast producing, intrisic rate increase maintain hunting current levels not increase
benefits trophy hunting lindsey et al 2006
-oftake 2-5% male= sustainable
-income
-less envi impact tourism
neg trophy hunting lindsey et al 2006
-some activites not relevant cons= neg press
-failure give money to locals
-corruption
-concession sold to cheeply
-set quota hard
-high fences stop migration
whats lindesy et al 2006 solution to improve trophy hunting?
-create certification scheme
-monitor
-learn other schemes
-cooperation stakeholders
How corruption impacting trophy recreational hunting tanzania learder-williams, balders 2009
-limits inward investment
-depresses development
-increases overexplooitation
-misuse quotas
-limit benefit local
-=
what corruption occurs tanzanaia recreational hunting learer-williams, baldes 2009
-infringement hunting regulation
-quotas ignored
-licenses friend
-concessions to companies owed senior officials
-com not get benefits
key management option recreational hunting tanzania learder-williams baldes 2009
-simplify fee structure
-s. quota
-code conduct
-reinvest fund better managemnt game reserve
-com key decision makers
-update legislation
reform options corruption tanzania learder-williams baldes 2009
-NGO stop paying fund to corrupt projects
-hunter consumer no tolerance policy
-princible guidelines regulate
-local com promised benfits
novaro et al 2000 what scource sink dynamic occuring lacanadon forest new Mexico
-densities baried tapir,, white lipped peccary, low persistance hunting site
-high proprtion young tapir white tained dear
red brocket deer stable move scource to sink area hunted = protection species
merode et al 2003 are bushmeats contributing to poor diets or incomes? (Congo)
-wealthy consume most bushmeat
-poor cant afford weapon kill bushmeat
-do contrubute diet lean season
-use money sell buy other good
-90% sold market
is bushmeat congo helping raising people out of poverty? merode et al 2003
-cash income
-if stopped sales = effect poorest
-not enough sold raise house hold out poverty
de minin et al why ban trophy hunting 2016
-uncertian s. oftake
-quota not scientific
-age restriction not implemented
-canned lion hunting no cons benefit
-revenue not cons , local
de minin et al 2016 why shouldn’t ban hunting
-ledd funding cons
-ecotourism cant occur these areas less acessible
-no hunting land would be converted
-less envi footprint
-need larger pop species than tourism
de minin recommendation for trophy hunting 2016
-level of offtake imposed
-eco certification
-mandatory population analysis
-ban post hunt sales stop illegal trade
-promote com run hunts
-trust share com
-mandatory scientific sampling hunted animal eg genetics
-5 year review hunts
-full disclosure all public data collected
-rando, observation hunts
-trophies confiscated permit revoked illegal practices occur
-back up professional shooter and tracker present limit welfare concern
ripple et al 2016 how many worlds mamals threatened bushmeat?
301 species
