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key issues > pollinator crisis > Flashcards

pollinator crisis Flashcards

1
Q

smith et al 2022 what are the impacts on health from insufficient pollination

A

-427000 aditioanl deaths loss healthy food
-worse impact low income countries

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2
Q

smith et al 2022 how much fruit veg loose if lose pollinators

A

3-5%

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3
Q

garabaldi et al 2014 can honey bees replace wild polinators

A

-no wild more effective 2x isits honey bees

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4
Q

garabaldi et al 2014 how to maintain pollination

A

-intigrate wild and honey bees increase crop yield
-mainatain pollinator diccersity
-conservation restoration natural areas
-stop soil erosion

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5
Q

klien 2007 how many leading world crop depend pollination

A

87

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6
Q

klien 2007 what volume crops depend on pollination

A

35%

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7
Q

klien 2007 what management options for pollinators?

A

1)increase nest opportunities
2)increase forage provide suitable floral resources
3) increase connection habitats
4)reduce pesticides

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8
Q

ghazel 2005 is the pollination crisis as bad as been suggested?

A

no- although declines large amount crops not rely on pollnation
-not bad losses think
-making calls conservation based on pollination missed placed

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9
Q

what makes effective nest solitary bee dicks et al

A

-agricultural land
-reeds best
drilled wooden blocks
-need more research into bamboo

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10
Q

dicks et al best nest creation bumble bees

A

-underground nest boxed best e.g teractoa pots
-sprouts pipes
-need more research, test different areas UK

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11
Q

2020 alton ratnieks do wildlife friendly products acturlly work?

A

-no not desighned UK species, play little ecologiacal funtion , products won’t save species= marketing misleading

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12
Q

chowdhury et al 2023 what percentage insects covered in PAs

A

19%

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13
Q

chowdhury et al what must be done to preserve insects

A

make sure new PAs also represent insect species

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14
Q

miller et al 2022 are commercial bumble bee colonies acting as ecological traps?

A

-yes wild queen bees entering as smaller getting killed

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15
Q

miller et al 2022 what can be done to stop comercial bumble bees acting as ecological traps?

A

include bee excluders

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16
Q

whys should farmers include bee excluders in their commercial bumble bee colonies

A

-ensures wild pollinators left to ensure there are pollinators for crops later in the season

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17
Q

sanchez-bayo , wyckhuys 2015 how many insects species threatened extinction

A

40%

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18
Q

sanchez bayo , wyckhuys 2015 what main drivers insect decline

A

-habitatl oss
-conversion agriculture
-pollution
-pathogens from introduced speceis
-cc

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19
Q

conclusion sanchez bayo and qyckhuys 2015 how to stop decline insect

A

-change ways produce food
-habitats restoration
stop chemicals

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20
Q

what are the steps pollination

A

1)pollen passed stamen one flower to another
2) encourage nector develop in stamen
3) get nectar = pollinator pass pollen covered anther
4) pollen sticks to pollinator gets transfered to stamen of new flower
5) plant germinates and seed production occurs

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21
Q

what type of relationships between plant and pollinator

A

mutualistic

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22
Q

example of co-evolved brood ste mutualism

A

fig tree and agaoinid wasp

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23
Q

what is the value of pollination

A

-regualtion es
-maintain wider biod and ecs stability
-food security
-social and cultural values eg gardens

24
Q

key pollinator speceis

A

-solitary bees
-bumble bees
-lepidoptera- butterflies, moths
-wasps

25
Q

features of bumble bees

A

fly cooler condition, higher elevation , latitudes
buz pollnation- shake antha violently= different role exs

26
Q

how much is pollination worth to food security each year

A

235-577 billion klien 2007

27
Q

what bees are managed pollination

A

social bees eg western honey bee

28
Q

key feature of western honey bee

A

-forage 5.5km
-most valuable polinator agriculture production and honey production
-commercially managed US

29
Q

what crop s use bees as livestock?

A

-almonds
-avocado

30
Q

garibaldi et al 2016 how many yeild gaps due to lack abundance of pollinators

A

-1/4

31
Q

garibaldi et al 2016 how many more times effectve are wild pollinators to honey bees?

A

x2

32
Q

smith 2022 loose pollinators how many more premature deaths

A

50000

33
Q

when term insect apocalypse start

A

2010

34
Q

how much decline has there been flying insect biomass last 27 years

A

75%

35
Q

what is colony collapse disorder

A

-worker bees abandon colony even food and nurse bees to look after ofspring = global food issues

36
Q

what rate decline invertibrate year sanchez bayo wyckhys 2019

A

2.5% year

37
Q

what percentage have butterflies decline UK since 1970

A

80%

38
Q

main pollinator threats

A

-land use change
-pollution, fertiliser pesticide
-pollinaotr managment and pathogen
- invasive alien species
-cc

39
Q

what fragementation meant pollinators

A

lost:
-nest sites
-migration oppornuties
-connectivity

40
Q

how agriculture effect pollinators

A

-monoculture = reduce diverstiy
-less flowing plants - less nutrition
-tilling destroys nest sites

41
Q

n america how many speceis have declined due to pesticides

A

7

42
Q

what percentage of bees do you loose when put them on almnd crops and why

A

30%
expose pesticides

43
Q

what is american foulbrood

A

-bacterial brood disease
-infect honey bee larvae
-deaths every 3 week
-weeken colony

44
Q

how can stop American foulbrood

A

use trained sniffer dogs

45
Q

what is africanised honey bee

A

afruvan/europe honey bee bread make european honey bees more productive in tropical environment

46
Q

what is the issue with africanised honey bee

A

agressive= take over native colonies

47
Q

whats risk of climate change for pollinators

A

-push out of native range
-expose new predators
-compition
-pathogens
not about same time plants they have evolved with

48
Q

why is bee keeping not the solution to the pollinator crisis?

A

-honey bees not endagered species
-poor polinators and compete wild species
-prone to collapse = risk strategy
-its the wild speceis that are declining

49
Q

what staratagies save polinators

A

-ban pesticides
-habitat managment
-increase connectivity

50
Q

what is good habitat managment practices for pollinators

A

-wild flower boarder agriculture landscape
-restore grassland, heathland, floral diversity
-create wildlflower medows
-greening urban area

51
Q

how to green urban areas

A

-garden pollinator friendly plants
-restrict mowing
- rebrand weeds
-descourage tidying up nature

52
Q

what is bee line connectivity

A

-joined up approach to conserve native pollinators
-network flower rich pathways acros UK
link exisitn gwildlife areas

53
Q

why bee bricks not good pollinators

A

-only 3% occupied
-need to clean as other wise parasites develop
-dimensions to small not long enough species
-‘green washing’

54
Q

what material good bee hotels

A

reed, bamboo, replaceable card

55
Q

in canada how many bee hotels occupied non native pests?

A

47%

key issues (10 decks)

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