Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

key issues > wildlife trade > Flashcards

wildlife trade Flashcards

1
Q

bownan 2013 reasons for CITES to continue to exist

A

-sustainable utilization
-criticism driven by emotion, not reality
-forum articulates variety viewpoints
-has authority to adress cons problems
-didn’t have= extinction
-other treaties deal habitat conversion problem to its aim
-flexible treaty
-imperialism and lack sovrienty not true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bownan reason CITES shouldn’t continue

A

-individualistic, materialistic liberalisation views dominate = not effective
-can be counterproductive
-not fulfilling brief
-corruption in implementation
-should focus habitat destruction not trade
-preservationist approach= imperialist
-lacks strong enforcement
-bans trade inless proven otherwise
-conserve own sake not trade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bownan 2013 conclusion should we keep CITES?

A

balanced approach have most chance success, interdisciplinary work can ensure sucess. CITES best treaty have must work to ensure its success don’t have a second option

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rosen ,smith 2010 how many wildlife seizures 1996-2008

A

967

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rosen ,smith 2010 where does most wildlife trade originate what does this mean

A

Se asia= hotspot disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rosen ,smith 2010 how many seizures mamal

A

51%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rosen ,smith 2010 why illegal wildlife trade difficult to enforce

A

-remoteness poaching,
-lack infrastructure
-corruption
-shortage wildlife enforcement officers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

example infectous disease spread wildlife trade rosen , smith 2010

A

2003 monkey pox virus transferred to usa through shipment infected rodents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

rosen , smith 2010 how to solve illegal wildlife trade

A

-more regulation
-education reduces demand
-improve economic stability of countries
-port officer training to ID species
-DNA forensic help enforcement and sanctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Taylor et al 2017 how much rhinoe horn could be sustainably obtained in south Africa

A

5319-3356kg per yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Taylor et al 2017 why did they want to work out how much rhino horn could be sustainably obtained?

A

provide evidence that could be used in the debate on whether to make the sell of rhino horns legal or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Taylor et al 2017 where could you obtain rhino horn from

A

-natural mortality
-dehorning
-trophy hunting
-stock piled horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what issues surround farm rhino horn farming Taylor et al 2017

A

-change pop dynamic
0need increase intensive breeding
-wild rhino less common = cons concern
-need more security farmed rhino easy target poaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pears 2003 are brazil nuts being harvested sustainably

A

no not enough juvenile or recruitment new trees so if not managed pop collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pears 2003 how can we make harvest brazil nut sustainable

A

-increase juvinile
-reduce intensity tree harvest
-plant nursery
-manage viable juvinile seed
-protect seed disperser
-protect natural habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

silvertown 2004 are brazil nut biologically sustainable

A

no- not enough juvenile not regenerating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

silvertown 2004 are brazil nuts socially /economic sustainble

A

-don’t create sufficent income
-money brazil nuts then used buy chainsaws to deforest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

silvertown 2004 how could sustainably manage brazil nuts

A

create a ethical trade in brazil nuts- pay premium for s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why is wildlife traded

A

-sustaining livelihood
-fuel
-fodder
-construction materials
-clothing and ornamental
-pets
-sport
-health care
-religion
-collections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

example traded items wildlife

A

-mahogony
-hyancith macaw
-spix macaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TRAFFIC how much legal wildlife trade worth

A

US$323 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TRAFFIC what aremost important items trade volume and value

A

timber
fisheries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TRAFFIC what percent vertibrate species are traded

A

24%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2011 how much illegal timber trade worth

A

$7-8 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
2019 how much illegal wildlife trade owrth
$8-$21 billion
26
how large illegal wildlife trade
4th largest criminal market
27
what are key features of the illegal wildlife trade
-sophisticated outlets- linked organized crime and drug smuggling -low risk detection and low penalties relative to high value wildlife products incentivize criminals to engage in trade
28
why illegal trade so hard to deal with
-hard to tell difference between whats legal and illegal -less weight to stories finding illegal animals compared to drugs
29
what rating helmeted hornbill
-near threatened now critically endagered trade = move CITES apendix 1 -
30
why helmeted horn bill traded
recent resurgence demand casque carve red ivory
31
rating ploughshare toistose
critically endagered CITES apendix 1
32
what was done try stop trade ploughshare toitose
burn numbers into shell (not sucessful)
33
whats role internet trade
help trade networks and transactions
34
what role internet in kaiser spoted newt
only described science 2010 already trade unsustainable and on strictest regulation due to internet exotic pet trade
35
why scientist starting to not publish location of new species
to try and stop the illegal trade
36
what type of web is illegal wildlife trade on
-easy accessible websites -eg facebook, ebay, twitter
37
what are the implications of the illegal wildlife trade
-over-exploitation biod -disease transmission -spread invasive species -animal welfare/mortality -moral and ethical considerations
38
why are all problems amplified illegal trade
you can regulate it
39
how many plant species are used for medicinal purposes
around 70,000
40
how much modern medicine used properties wild species
25%
41
where are wildlife trade hotspots
-chinas international boarders -E/S Africa -eastern border EU -some markets mexico -parts cariibean -parts indonesia abd new guinea -solomon island
42
when CITES created
1975
43
how many countries signed up to CITES
183
44
how many species does CITES cover
35000
45
what is aim CITES
-regulate and monitor international trade select species and plants -ensure trade doesn't endanger survival wild populations
46
define Appendix 1
-species threatened extinction -strict regulation -only allow trade exceptional circumstances (3%) trade
47
define apendix 2
not necessarily threatened extinction but may become unless trade is strictly regulated 92% trade
48
apendix 3
species can be listed single party rules just 1 country 5% trade
49
mamals and CITES
all primates -cetacean -cat -bear -elephant -rhino
50
birds and CITES
-all bird prey -owl -nearly all parrots
51
Reptiles and CITES
all crodilain padle fish sea horse some shark, humphead wrasse
52
how many plant CITES
>25,000 more than plants
53
when dramatic decline rhino numbers
1966
54
when CITES ban rhino
1877
55
how demand rhino met
illegal market = killing
56
when could all rhinoes be extinct by
next 20yr
57
why CITES failed rhino
limits supply = price increase thus poaching increase
58
How much did rhino horn caused per kg 1993 and 2012
-1993- $4700 2012 US $65000 kg
59
why is dehorning not effective stratagie rhino
stubs still valuable
60
why is it hard to deal illegal rhino trade
-high demand, value horn = incentive crime groups and poachers -laws hard to enforce -corruption gov official = hard enforce -rare - high price create supply and demand extinction vortex
61
how much does it cost to sedate and shave a rhino
$20
62
how many rhinoes would need to have to meet horn demand
5000 in south africa
63
what is natural death rate rhino
2.6%
64
a legal trade of rhino horn can reduce the incentive for poaching if:
1)regulator prevent laundering of illegal horns as legal 2)legal supply = easier more reliable and cost effective, illegal trade 3)demand doesn't escelate dangerous level stigma illegality product removed 4)establishment central selling organisation administer and control legal trade
65
what is the opposition to legalising rhino trade
-concern gov abilty to regulate trade and stop laundering -remove stigma in buying rhino= increase demand -sales of horn in south africa could increase poaching elsewhere -sales take place to infrequently unpredictably to attract buyers away from illegal market and reduce poaching
66
how much income does sutaible use alligators produce annuely
$60 million (US dolalrs)
67
what do fees from the regulatory system crocodile support
-management -regulation -enforcement -research
68
why trade nile crocodile banned madagasca
to many papers missing , no monitoring, hunting, laundering, no large individual wild ,com not receive benefit= lack intuitional capacity
69
what action plan nile crocodile focus on
wild harvest and restriction support wild pop no ranching focus sustaining wild pop and protect nesting female
70
what are problems by trading crocodiles
-market fluctations =destablise price and affect incentives -conservation status some species not good enough sustainable use -some wild skins have undesirable qualities -laundering through legal operation -ongoing threat to habitat
71
what is the biodlogy behind brazil nut
-pristine forest produces fruit -pollinated certian bees -seed cached agouti and later germinates -entirely from wild -tree live 500yr+ -fruit tak e18 month mature -each hold 8-24 seeds
72
what are incentives to harvesting brazil nuts
-income to the poorest -multimillion international harvest -doesn't directly destroy forest poor com rely on -easy to locate and collect -acess road already in place -very little skill and equipment
73
what conservation pressures face brazil nuts
-intensive exploitation = insufficient juveniles recruitment maintain population long term -seasonal = insufficient income on own support gatherers -other income generating activities = forest destruction -may decrease supply nuts available local herbivore communities -hunting agoutis = effect germination
74
what some stratagies listed for sustaible brazil nuts
-tenure security and clear defined property rights -brazil nut concession:privatly managed conservation areas allow harvesters and families make income through harvesting brazil nuts only -education- training for brazil nut harvestersimprove collection technique -manage annuel harvest quotas -plant viable seed, transplant nursery griwn seeding into natural forest gaps
75
consumer strategies improve sustainability brazil nuts
-annuel rotated no take areas to increase seed supply -continued research life history, distribution ecological interaction brazil nut tree -studies assessing impact harvesting diffreent level

key issues (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions