defaunification Flashcards
bello et al 2015 does defaunation affect carbon stores in tropical forest
-erode carbon storage
-large body frugivores ecological role- fruit removal , seed dispersal , large seeded plant
-erode key esdecrease carbon storage less palnt depend frugivores dispersal
bello et al 2015 conclusion carbon storage
must preserve ecoligical processes, protecting large carnivore, to mitigate CC
sobra at al 2017 what is the role vertibrate animals in carbon cycle amazon
-mamal, tree species rihnes positivly corelated tree biomas and carbon concentration soil due to organic remains produced vertibrate feeding
- large bodied defacate fruit pulp , seed, buried dung beetle, rodent, direclty impact carbon soil
-indirect influence above ground carbon suported c soil and biomas trees
conclusion sobra et al 2017
need protect vertibrate proper fuction ecs and carbon sequestration
gardner et al 2017 wahat impact defaunation forest
-neg impacts forest regeneration
-loss big = only seed disperse abiotically = smaller species less carbon
what problem RED scheme gardner 2017
only look forest conversion and not loss species (empty forest syndrome)
osuri 2016 loss species consequence carbon africa, america, south east aisian forest
lost 2-12% carbon
osuri 2016 loss species consequence carbon SE asia , australia
gains =1%
osuri 2016 why changes carbon storage
stand volume not wood density
wilkie et al 2011 why look at extinction rates forest
some argued extinction rates to pesimistic because agriculture abndended however, wilkie argue not case as hunting also causing extinction species, = predicitions vast loss likly
consquences taking elephant
succesion , regenration
consequences taking top predators
hyper abundance prey, over predation small species
wilkie et al 2011 what need be sone stop extinctions
-focus global politians
-local , national, international policies maintain healthy faunal communites
-mangemnt all relevant players
-learn from past decsions
galetti et al 2015 what are the impacts loss large seed predators for predation
- defaunated area seed predators 2.5 times higher due increase small rodents
galetti et al conclsuion
defaunation increase seed predation rodent = consequence plant-animal interction and recruitment
define defaunation
global, local functional extinction animal populations, species from ecological communities
what species most effected defaunation
large species:
-ungulates, deeer pigs
-primates
-carnivores
-large birds
what historic species extinction like (what type effected most)
pliestoncen large bodied mamals as time on bodymas got smaller , onlky small bodied less
what type species most effected hunting
large bodymas
impacts defunation
-seed dispersal
-litter respiration and decompostion
-removal caarion
-herbivory
-water quality
-trampling
-dung removal
-carbon cycle
-pollination
-regenration
-soil erosion
why concern defaunation large species carbon store
-larger vertebrates disperse larger seeds
-seed size correlated tree size and carbon density
- seed dispersal rely specialist species
- if loose species unlikely another fill niche= co2 emissions
what jazen-connel hypothesis
-seed higher chance surviaval further from parent tree
how do vertibrate effect plant
-seed dispersal rate
-seed removal rate
-seed predation rate
-seed germination rate
0seedling survial and growth
Osuri et al 2016 why is carbon storage not decline austrailia and SE asian forest
seeds dispersed wind not animals
what are limits to modelling studies defaunation
-not tested real world
-only tropical
-only look what function
what are exclusion experiments
fence areas use look rate defuanation & how forest change
why functional trait important look defaunation
differnt traits effect what dispersed by- large seeds-primates
-abiotic dispersal= more regenration
large seed bigger store more carbon
what issues Evolutionary anachronisms
-some large species already gone extinct= plant speceis left that have no dispersers
what speceis has allowed contuation of plant species that main dispersers have gone extinct?
agoutis
How do agoutis help seed dispersal
-hoard seeds = protect predators, fungal disease , steel seed each other =8% of seeds re-cached, up to 35
times and 159m from original location
* 14% survival after 1 yr
