defaunification

Question 1

bello et al 2015 does defaunation affect carbon stores in tropical forest

Answer 1

-erode carbon storage
-large body frugivores ecological role- fruit removal , seed dispersal , large seeded plant
-erode key esdecrease carbon storage less palnt depend frugivores dispersal

Question 2

bello et al 2015 conclusion carbon storage

Answer 2

must preserve ecoligical processes, protecting large carnivore, to mitigate CC

Question 3

sobra at al 2017 what is the role vertibrate animals in carbon cycle amazon

Answer 3

-mamal, tree species rihnes positivly corelated tree biomas and carbon concentration soil due to organic remains produced vertibrate feeding
- large bodied defacate fruit pulp , seed, buried dung beetle, rodent, direclty impact carbon soil
-indirect influence above ground carbon suported c soil and biomas trees

Question 4

conclusion sobra et al 2017

Answer 4

need protect vertibrate proper fuction ecs and carbon sequestration

Question 5

gardner et al 2017 wahat impact defaunation forest

Answer 5

-neg impacts forest regeneration
-loss big = only seed disperse abiotically = smaller species less carbon

Question 6

what problem RED scheme gardner 2017

Answer 6

only look forest conversion and not loss species (empty forest syndrome)

Question 7

osuri 2016 loss species consequence carbon africa, america, south east aisian forest

Answer 7

lost 2-12% carbon

Question 8

osuri 2016 loss species consequence carbon SE asia , australia

Answer 8

gains =1%

Question 9

osuri 2016 why changes carbon storage

Answer 9

stand volume not wood density

Question 10

wilkie et al 2011 why look at extinction rates forest

Answer 10

some argued extinction rates to pesimistic because agriculture abndended however, wilkie argue not case as hunting also causing extinction species, = predicitions vast loss likly

Question 11

consquences taking elephant

Answer 11

succesion , regenration

Question 12

consequences taking top predators

Answer 12

hyper abundance prey, over predation small species

Question 13

wilkie et al 2011 what need be sone stop extinctions

Answer 13

-focus global politians
-local , national, international policies maintain healthy faunal communites
-mangemnt all relevant players
-learn from past decsions

Question 14

galetti et al 2015 what are the impacts loss large seed predators for predation

Answer 14

• defaunated area seed predators 2.5 times higher due increase small rodents

Question 15

galetti et al conclsuion

Answer 15

defaunation increase seed predation rodent = consequence plant-animal interction and recruitment

Question 16

define defaunation

Answer 16

global, local functional extinction animal populations, species from ecological communities

Question 17

what species most effected defaunation

Answer 17

large species:
-ungulates, deeer pigs
-primates
-carnivores
-large birds

Question 18

what historic species extinction like (what type effected most)

Answer 18

pliestoncen large bodied mamals as time on bodymas got smaller , onlky small bodied less

Question 19

what type species most effected hunting

Answer 19

large bodymas

Question 20

impacts defunation

Answer 20

-seed dispersal
-litter respiration and decompostion
-removal caarion
-herbivory
-water quality
-trampling
-dung removal
-carbon cycle
-pollination
-regenration
-soil erosion

Question 21

why concern defaunation large species carbon store

Answer 21

-larger vertebrates disperse larger seeds
-seed size correlated tree size and carbon density
- seed dispersal rely specialist species
- if loose species unlikely another fill niche= co2 emissions

Question 22

what jazen-connel hypothesis

Answer 22

-seed higher chance surviaval further from parent tree

Question 23

how do vertibrate effect plant

Answer 23

-seed dispersal rate
-seed removal rate
-seed predation rate
-seed germination rate
0seedling survial and growth

Question 24

Osuri et al 2016 why is carbon storage not decline austrailia and SE asian forest

Answer 24

seeds dispersed wind not animals

Question 25

what are limits to modelling studies defaunation

Answer 25

-not tested real world
-only tropical
-only look what function

Question 26

what are exclusion experiments

Answer 26

fence areas use look rate defuanation & how forest change

Question 27

why functional trait important look defaunation

Answer 27

differnt traits effect what dispersed by- large seeds-primates
-abiotic dispersal= more regenration
large seed bigger store more carbon

Question 28

what issues Evolutionary anachronisms

Answer 28

-some large species already gone extinct= plant speceis left that have no dispersers

Question 29

what speceis has allowed contuation of plant species that main dispersers have gone extinct?

Answer 29

agoutis

Question 30

How do agoutis help seed dispersal

Answer 30

-hoard seeds = protect predators, fungal disease , steel seed each other =8% of seeds re-cached, up to 35
times and 159m from original location
* 14% survival after 1 yr