Zoology Test 3e Flashcards
1
Q
how do chimeras differ from sharks, skates and rays?
A
- only descendants from very ancient lineage
- jaws bear large flat plates instead of teeth
- feed on seaweed, mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans and fish
- upper jaw fused to cranium
- beautifully colored with pearly iridescence and glowing green eyes
2
Q
Actinopterygii
A
- bony fish- ray finned
- perch, bass, sturgeon, trout
- did not evolve from cartilaginous fish
3
Q
different types of Actinopterygii
A
- hawk fish
- tiple fin
- flying fish
- butterfly fish
- box fish
- porcupine fish
- leafy sea dragon
- razorfish
- crocodile fish
- demon stinger
- bichir
- paddle fish
4
Q
bone in bony fish
A
- made from endochondral bone (cone that replaces cartilage)
- bone is stronger than cartilage, and is necessary to support weight of large land animals
5
Q
adaptation of respiration in bony fish
A
- operculum covers gill openings contributes to respiratory efficiency
- when muscles more operculum, negative pressure is created that pulls water over gills
- operculum also prevents back flow
6
Q
second adaptation of respiration in bony fish
A
- countercurrent blood flow (blood flows in opposite direction from water flow across gill filaments)
- increases efficiency of respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon monoxide
7
Q
buoyancy in bony fish
A
- swim bladders
- originally an extension of pharynx that served as primitive “lung”
- “lung” retained as swim bladder
8
Q
osmoregulation in freshwater bony fish
A
- their more primitive kidneys secrete a very dilute urine
- salt absorbing cells absorb salt from water into blood
9
Q
osmoregulation in marine bony fish
A
- drink seawater to avoid dehydration
- salt-secreting cells in gills get rid of excess salt
- some salt voided with feces
- some secreted by kidney
10
Q
how fast can bony fish swim?
A
- water is a very difficult medium to move through
- complex arrangements of myomeres
11
Q
reproduction in fish
A
- most have external fertilization and lay eggs (oviparity)
- have eggs that hatch inside the body (ovoviviparity
- give birth to sully-formed young (viviparity) (only sharks, and no bony fish)
12
Q
characteristics of Pacific Salmon
A
- they are anadromous adults feed in ocean for 3-4 years before returning to same stream for spawning, after which they die
- guided by characteristic odor of parent stream
- also magnetism
13
Q
characteristics of freshwater eel
A
- they are catadromous meaning that they spend most of their lives in fresh water but migrate to sea to spawn in sea
- larval eels take up to 3 years to migrate back to freshwater streams
14
Q
Sarcopterygii
A
- bony fish: lobe finned
- coelacanth
- lungfish
- fleshy, lobed fins
- fin is on fleshy, scaly stalk extending from body
- arranged in similar pattern to tetrapods allows motion at joints
