Zoology Test 1b

Question 1

What protozoan causes severe diarrhea worldwide?

Answer 1

Giardia, infects intestine form contaminated water by fecal matter

Question 2

Dinoflagellate

Answer 2

• important to marine ecosystem
• protozoan
• toxins kill organisms and create red tides

Question 3

type of dinoflagellate

Answer 3

• zooxanthellae: lives with coral, photosynthetic

Question 4

ciliated protozoans

Answer 4

• possess cilia
• sexual reproduction, conjugation
• type: paramecium

Question 5

apicomplexans

Answer 5

• taxoplasma

- plasmodium (malaria)

Question 6

taxoplasma

Answer 6

• cat scratch fever
• if pregnant, one must avoid handling cat poop to avoid this parasite
• if already infected, no need to worry

Question 7

plasmodium

Answer 7

• malaria
• can be debilitating illness
• carried by mosquitos
• look at life cycle

Question 8

Ameba

Answer 8

• protozoan
• locomotion via pseudopodia
• feed by phagocytosis (holozoic)
• asexual reproduction
• freshwater out requires substrate (surface) for movement

Question 9

What cause amebic dysentery?

Answer 9

entamoeba hystolitica

Question 10

radiolarians

Answer 10

• glass-like silica structure

- oldest known protozoan

Question 11

foraminiferans

Answer 11

• made of calcium carbonate
• multi-chambered
  largets living biomass of any animal-like organism

Question 12

sessile

Answer 12

attached to the bottom

Question 13

filter feeders

Answer 13

bring in water and filter out food

Question 14

size range of sponge

Answer 14

millimeters to two meters

Question 15

life span of sponge

Answer 15

3 months to twenty years

Question 16

Porifera

Answer 16

• parazoa
• lack organs, sensory systems, tissues
• have specialized cells
• multicellular
• date back to Cambrian period

Question 17

parazoa

Answer 17

animal-like but not true animal

Question 18

what is the evolutionary link between colonial protozoans and eumetazoans?

Answer 18

physical structure and ribosomal RNA analysis

Question 19

eumetazoa

Answer 19

true animal

Question 20

basic anatomy of sponge

Answer 20

• mass of cells in gelatinous mesophyl supported by spicules and protein fibers
• pinacocytes
• choanocytes
• archaeocytes

Question 21

pinacocytes

Answer 21

“skin” cells

Question 22

choanocytes

Answer 22

filtering “collar” cells

Question 23

archaeocytes

Answer 23

differentiate into other cells (“stem” cells); manufacture other cells.

Question 24

ostium

Answer 24

channels through which water moves

Question 25

spongocoel

Answer 25

cavity where the flagellates choanocytes are

Question 26

choanocyte

Answer 26

make the water move through sponge

Question 27

osculum

Answer 27

where water exits

Question 28

asconoid

Answer 28

• form of complexity
• basic form
• have simple ostia
• small organisms, less than or equal to one inch

Question 29

syconoid

Answer 29

• form of complexity
• more and more ostia, more surface area
• many choanocytes

Question 30

leuconoid

Answer 30

• bigger
• many choanocytes
• multiple osculums

Question 31

What body plans are radially symmetrical in sponges?

Answer 31

asconoid and syconoid

Question 32

What body plans are asymmetrical in sponges?

Answer 32

leuconoid

Question 33

Leuconoid “bath” sponges secrete a form of collagen traditionally known as what?

Answer 33

spongin

Question 34

digestion is what in sponges?

Answer 34

intracellular, food is phagocytized by choanocytes and pinacocytes

Question 35

respiration and excertion are what in sponges?

Answer 35

done through diffusion

Question 36

two methods of asexual reproduction in sponges?

Answer 36

• bud formation

- fragmentation

Question 37

what are the two types of buds?

Answer 37

• external buds

- gemmules

Question 38

fragmentation

Answer 38

fall apart and then followed by regeneration

Question 39

when can sexual reproduction occur in sponges?

Answer 39

can only happen with monoecious, only self fertilize when they absolutely have to

Question 40

monoecious

Answer 40

have both male and female sex cells in one individual