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Zoology > Zoology Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Zoology Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four things all living things can do?

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Respiration
  3. Reproduction
  4. Osmo regulation
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2
Q

What is digestion?

A

a breakdown of larger molecules to smaller and their subsequent distribution; digestion & absorption

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3
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

chemical & mechanical digestion

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4
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

secreting an enzyme; molecular that molecularly that breaks connections protein & amino acids

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5
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

physically breaking down the larger molecules

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6
Q

What nutrients do we want? What happens to them?

A

sugars, proteins, carbohydrates, & fats; they usually get broken down into smaller atoms for raw building materials for the human body

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7
Q

What is respiration?

A

the diffusion of oxygen in and carbon oxide out of a cell of energy production

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8
Q

What is the end goal of respiration?

A

ATP

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9
Q

What is diffusion?

A

a process that happens randomly when there are areas of high concentration and low concentration

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10
Q

What does respiration move across in a unicellular membrane?

A

plasma membrane

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11
Q

What happened to oxygen inside the cell?

A

-turns into CO2 &H2O
-creates a gap, constantly losing oxygen in the cell called the diffusion gradient
- as oxygen leaves the cell, oxygen goes back in automatically

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12
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

the sending & receiving of genetic material to form a third organism

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13
Q

Where does sexual reproduction occur?

A

monoecious & dioecious organisms

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14
Q

What are monoecious creatures?

A

include both female and male reproductive organs

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15
Q

What are dioecious species?

A

sex is separate

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16
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

make food through using photosynthesis, creating energy through an alternative source

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17
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

digest other things

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18
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

eating solid foods, cell eating

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19
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

eating of liquid solids, cell drinking

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20
Q

What are phagotrophs?

A

unicellular that operate via phagocytosis

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21
Q

What are osmotrophs?

A

usually rely more on pinocytosis

22
Q

How do paramecium sexually reproduce?

A

they kiss at the oral groove, they stab each other with anchors called trichocysts

23
Q

what does the macronucleus do?

A

does normal nuceole activities

24
Q

what does the micronucleus do?

A

responsible for sexual responsibilities

25
Q

What is an animal

A

multicellular create that has a extra-cellular matrix called a basal lamina, and has cell to cell connectors

26
Q

What are the most common type of cell-cell connectors?

A

desmosomes and gap junction

27
Q

What are the synapomorphies of phylum Porifera?

A

-have spicules: skeletons embedded within the body and gives sponges their unique skeletal structure
-sponges are asymmetrical
-some are tubular and some are encrusting

28
Q

high ocean currents

A

encrusting

29
Q

low ocean currents

A

tubular

30
Q

synapmorphy of porifera on the chart:

A

internal system or pores and canals

31
Q

what is the community ecology of sponges?

A

habituating forming creatures, their bodies become habitats for other oganisms

32
Q

what is the dermal Ostia

A

holes in the sponges skin that water flows in

33
Q

what is the oscula?

A

holes that water flows out of at the top

34
Q

describe a sponge’s skeleton

A

-embedded shards of glass
-mostly made out of two elements: calcium & silica
-spicules collagen, and sponging
-spiculesis embedded in a protein that gives the sponge sponginess

35
Q

how do sponges move?

A

sit on substrate and rarely move; they can move millimeters

36
Q

what are the three layers for a sponge

A

pinacoderm: outside later
mesophyll: nonliving inner matrix, includes spicules, collagen, and spongin
chonaderm: inside layer

37
Q

what are the different types of cells of cells do sponges have?

A

-pinacocytes: live on the outside later (pinacoderm)
-porocytes: pore cells, tubular in shape with a hole through them which water comes through
-archaeocyes: live in the meosphyl primarily
choanocytes: live on the inside layer (chonaderm)

38
Q

What are archeocytes?

A

-stem cells of sponges
-amoeboid in shape for mobility
-differniated cells that have potential to be other cells
-some stay in the mesophyll to secrete the nonliving inner matrix

39
Q

what are the different types of archeocytes?

A

sclerocytes: secret spicules
spnogcytes: secrete spongin
collencytes: secrete collagen

40
Q

What are choanocytes?

A

lines the inner cavity of the spongecoel, where the water flows in and out of the osculum. it secretes a basal membrane and communicates. when you move the flagella, it creates a negative vacuum pressure inside the collar

41
Q

how do sponges digest?

A

food is originally captures by choanocyte. sends left overs to the amoebocyte in the mesophl to send to other parts of the bodies where it is needed. freshwater sponges do photosynthesis through the help

42
Q

water flow of asconoid?

A

dermal ostia, porocyte, spongocoel, osculum

43
Q

water flow of syconoid

A

dermal ostia, incurrent canal, prosopyle, prosody, radial canal, apopule, spongocoel, osculum

44
Q

water flow of leuconoid

A

osmium, incurrent canal, flagellated chambers, excurrent canal, oscula

45
Q

how do sponges reproduce sexually?

A

asexually & sexually
happens externally and internally
larva grows by binary fission but as mature sponges as sexual reproduce

46
Q

how do sponges fertilize externally?

A

broadcast spawning; coordination of males and females to release eggs and sperm at the same time. coordinate through environmental cues such as sunlight and temperature. egg and sperm meet and makes a parenchymula which is covered with spikes. when they hit land they go into asexual reproduction

47
Q

which cells are sperm?

A

choanocytes

48
Q

which cels are oocytes?

A

archaeocytes?

49
Q

how do sponges internally fertilize?

A

female sponge receives genetic information from the male which it detects through filtering. they fuse with a cynaocyte to turn into a carrier cell. carrier cell goes to the mesophyll to fuse with an amobeocyte

50
Q

how do sponges reproduce asexually?

A

they have packages of gemmules that are packages of archaeocysts that are surrounded by hardened cyst. they will grow in the micropyle when conditions are right

51
Q

are sponges monoecious or doceious?

A

monoecious

Zoology (17 decks)

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