Annelids

Question 1

What are annelids?

Answer 1

• marine
• have bristles
• predators
• also called bristle worms
• characterized by their segments
• not flatworms or roundworms

Question 2

What are the individual segments of a worm called?

Answer 2

metamerites

Question 3

What is a bobbit worm?

Answer 3

• named after lauren bobbit
• has jaws thats snap or snip efficiently

Question 4

What are the synapomorphies of annelida?

Answer 4

• epidermal setae
  
  • usually two on both metamersism
  • terrestrial: anchoring
  • marine: breathing, swimming, sensing
• metamarism

Question 5

Describe the external morphology of annelids?

Answer 5

-jaws on their eversible pharynx
-segementsL prostomium, perstomium, pygidium, parapodia

Question 6

what Is the prostoimium

Answer 6

-first segment
-primary sensory organs to sense environment
-tentacle and palps: respiration but primarily sensory

Question 7

what is there peristomium

Answer 7

first true body segment

Question 8

what is the pygidium?

Answer 8

• last segment of the body
• tail
• has the anus
• has two sensory called cirrus

Question 9

How does an annelid grow

Answer 9

from the pyrigidium up

Question 10

what is a parapodia?

Answer 10

• have setae embedded in them
• has two nodes
  
  • both have setae embedded
  • neuropodium
    
    • ventural lobe
    • aciculum
    • primary way of sensing the environment
  • notopodium
    
    • dorsal lobe
    • has repsiratory capillaries

Question 11

Describe the internal morphology of annelids?

Answer 11

• each metarite is covered in pareital peritoneum
  
  • this tissue membrane made out of mesoderm
• every segement is separated by a septum
  
  • means its compartmentalized
• when circular muscle contract: thinner & longer, causing the longitudual muscle
• when the longitudual muscle contracts, circlular muscles have to relax
  
  • wide and narrow
  • allows to burrow and anchor in the substrate

Question 12

What are errantians?

Answer 12

• scale worm
• bristles can modify to either become protection at the top, or on bottom modify to the become legs
• benthic or pelagic
  
  • pelagic worms can inflate themselves for buoyancy

Question 13

How are errata’s important economically?

Answer 13

food source

Question 14

What are the errantians most dangerous time?

Answer 14

reproduction time

Question 15

how do errantians reproduce?

Answer 15

• reproduce without leaving their burrows
• forms two different forms of their bodies
  
  • normal body part: atoke
  • epitoke forms during reproduction
    
    • when mature enough, it will swim away
• environmental cues where the epitokes are released at the same time

Question 16

What are sedentarians?

Answer 16

-sessile
-filter feeder
-cilia that covers the surface

Question 17

how do sendtarians eat?

Answer 17

ciliary feeders, desposit feeders, sand filtering, mutualistic bacteria trophosome

Question 18

Ciliary feeders

Answer 18

• live above the sand
• makes a tube to protect from predators, made up of calcium, silica, or protein
• to filter feed they have radioles that have pinnules on them
• sort by size and composition
• cilia move the food the mouth
  
  • on the dorsal side
• organic things to eat; inorganic to excrete, store, or help build its case

Question 19

deposit feeders

Answer 19

• cilia on the ventral side of the tenetacles
• burrow into the sand for protection
• have tentacles that rummage on the ground for food

Question 20

sand filtering

Answer 20

• burrows into the sand
• muscle contraction to create water current
• water follows over their body as they breathe
• nutrients get stuck on the sand, which they just eat

Question 21

mutualistic bacteria trophosome

Answer 21

• use tentacles for respiration
• reply on bacteria to help them break down the caclium on the bones for food
  
  • trophosome that harbors bacteria to eat for the worm

Question 22

What are spoon worms?

Answer 22

• family echuridiae
• named because their mouth looks like a spoon
• sex is decided by how far away from the mother you can get
• if it doesnt get far away, it stays a male and the mother will keep it in a pouch where it will produce sperm
• primairly despsit feeders
• benline: changes larva into male or female
• no peripoda
• have epidermal epitae
• no internal contents
• breathe through their hind gut respiratory elements

Question 23

What animals are in the order clitellata

Answer 23

• earthworms leeches
• size is retained by the underground
• earthworms respirate through their skin

Question 24

syamorphy of clitellum

Answer 24

saddle

Question 25

internal morphology of earthworms

Answer 25

• circulatory system
• dorsal and ventral blood vessel
• transport oxygentated blood around the earthroom
• several aortic arches to pump blood throughout the body
• muscularized pharnyx
• esophagus: transports food to the crop
• crop: stores
• gizzard: grindes the food
• intestine: absorb thefood

Question 26

What are the synapomorphies of earth worms

Answer 26

• typhosloe: increases surface area
• chloragogen cell: stores glycogen and separate from the intestinal wall to carry nutrients

Question 27

How do earthworms osmoregulate?

Answer 27

• excreted out the nehridipore
• starting point is in the anterior segment: preoerates the septum
• ciliated funnel; nephurostome that filters fluid inside the chamber
• nephrotubules filters blood for metabolic waste
• bladder: can pump water back in the body or ions back out
• regulates how much water is exctreted wth ammonia