Cephalopods Flashcards
What are cephalopods?
- invertebrates
- intelligent
- include encephalopda: head foot
- true head foot are octopus and swuids
Describe a cephalopod’s shell
- no tortion in a the digestive system
- u-shaped
- swims away = no funnling
What are the 4 main forms of shells?
ctopus (has no shell), squid (chitniess protein pen) amnenites with a large bulky calcium shell, nautiloids calcium shell but its not as bulky)
Do cephalopods live in the entirety of their shell?
no, only in just a portion. the rest of their shell is filled in their gas chambers for buoyancy
What are all cephalopods?
venomous due to the tetrodoxin in their slavary glands
what are pens made up of
chitin
what are the differences between tentacles and arms
tentacles have suckers at the tip while arms have suckers all over
how many arms does a squid and octopus have
8 arms, 2 tentacles
only 8 arms
Describe the Cephalopod nervous system
- centralized brain
- around the esophagus
- complexed, advanced in any invertebrate
- 25 lobes
- sensory for the arms, visual & chemical info, motor, or nervous
- each arm has a ganglia of neurons
- each arm can learn and operate independently
cephalopods eyes are similar to?
humans, they can see very well under water
corona
protective layer of the eye
iris
- muscle, when it contracts it causes the pupil to shrink. when it relax, the pupil grows
- dilate during night or in danger
- shrink when there is too much light
lens
focus light back on the retina
retina
absorbs light and transmits light to the optic nerve
how do cephalopods camouflage themselves
- have a lobe devoted to regulating chromatophores
- chromatophores that can change the concentration of the pigment which changes the color of the octopus
- can also make them look intermediating to scare prey
- muscles can also modify the texture
- does this for a better fit of its surroundings
- can communicate with themselves by color
how do cephalopods sescape predators
- venmous
- some mimic a jellyfish swim motion
- some just run away
how do cephalopods catch prey?
- eat primarily fish, crusteans and worms
- strobe light that hypnotizes its prey
- on and off of chromatophores in succession
how do cephalopods reproduce?
- spermatophore gland
- cuttlefish having mating dances
- octpus and spquid have elborate courtship rituals
- predators of each other
- hectocotylus on one arm that can grab its spermatophore
- can directly place it in the female or can cut off its arm throw it at the female
- only reproduce once in its life due to it not living long
- usually, the larger squid male squid gets more females
- smaller male squids often pretend to be females to gain access to large male squids’ females
- two morphologies of big and small squids
where does the female lay its eggs
- in a burrow or coral or rocks
- must have water
- no water would have build up of CO2 or else they die
- self-sacrificial
What are three ways that cephalopods show sentient?
tool use, problem soling , show delayed gratification
explain tool use
- used for a particular purpose, and object outside of itself
- clear benefit to using its
- cost to maintaining that tool over time
explain problem solving
- something they have never seen and they solve it
- adaptive learning
show delayed gratification
- refused moderate food and waited for the more favorable food
- anticipating a future where it can feed better
