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Zoology > Mollusca I > Flashcards

Mollusca I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the synapomorphies of Phylum Nemertea?

A

-proboscis with the neurotoxins
-complete digestive system (have mouth and anus)
-bi-functional nephridia

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2
Q

Describe Phylum Nemertea.

A

-ribbon worms
-not diverse
-100 feet long

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3
Q

What does the proboscis do in phylum Nemertea?

A

it extends the length of its body and stabs it out to eat its food. it is above their pharynx. it can be strong like or reticulate. it has neurotoxins that paralyze prey before swallowing it

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4
Q

What does the bi-functional nephridia do in phylum Nemertea?

A

it does kidney function and osmoregulation. it excretes metabolic waste such as nitrogenous waste and is a safe way to secrete ammonia. regulates ion concentrations

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5
Q

What are mollusks?

A

-they are greatly diverse
-60,000 species
-squids, clams, oysters
-shelled and no shelled
-majority is less than 5ml in length

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6
Q

How are snails economically important?

A

they are negatively important since they are an intermediate host to many parasites such schistomsoma mansoomi, clonorchis sinesis, & blood and liver flukes

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7
Q

How are pearls economically important?

A

they are positively important since produced by oysters and clams. used for money, currency, jewelry, & decoration. often valuable

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8
Q

How are slugs economically important

A

they are negatively important since they eat any ground plants

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9
Q

How are oysters, scallops, and muscles economically important?

A

they are positively important since they are a source of income and food

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10
Q

What is the general molluscan body plan?

A

they have thick bodies that can no longer allow diffusion across the body so actual systems are needed. there are tubes that perform the systems

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11
Q

What kind of digestive system do molluscan have?

A

complete

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12
Q

What kind of circulatory system does molluscan have?

A

open, have a heart where the entire system is filled with fluids such has hormones, immune cells, blood & oxygen

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13
Q

What does the nephridium do in the molluscan?

A

excrete metabolic waste and regulates ion concentrations

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14
Q

What do the axons do in the molluscan?

A

sensitive to nerve impulses. there is a nerve collar around the pharynx

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15
Q

What kind of coelom does the molluscan have?

A

eucoelomate

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16
Q

what does the foot of a molluscan do?

A

it is a big muscle used to move. can anchor and retract to walk. can attach to the substrate by being a really strong suction disc that prevents predators from pulling it away. can secrete mucus to glide.

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17
Q

What does the mantle cavity do in a molluscan?

A

it houses the gills or lungs. essentially where everything happens (respiration, waste, reproduction). uses cilia to filter things out to create water currents.

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18
Q

What is the mantle cavity analogous to in the cnidarian?

A

gastrovascular cavity

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19
Q

What is the viscera mass?

A

all of the organs protected inside the mantle cavity

20
Q

What are the two main components of a molluscan?

A

visceral mass and head foot

21
Q

What is the head-foot?

A

a muscle and a concentration of sense organs on one side of the muscle

22
Q

What is the synapomorphies of the molluscan?

A

radula and mantle cavity

23
Q

what is the radula?

A

teeth on the tongue made up of calcium, silica, or iron. seen in predators or herbivores.

24
Q

What is an odontophore?

A

support and structures the radula, cartilaginous

25
Q

What is the mantle cavity?

A

secretes the shell and can wrap itself around to form the cavity. contains organs and are chambers with highly filled with viscera tissue covered in cilia

26
Q

What are the three distinctive layers of the molluscan shell?

A

peristractum
nacreous/nacre
prismatic layer

27
Q

what is the peristractum?

A

made up of a protein called conchiol which is made u from contains and snails; outermost layer

28
Q

What is the nacreous/nacre layer

A

special kind of calcium carbonate. strong & sturdy. not very water tight and makes the shiny pearl

29
Q

What are most molluscan shells out of?

A

calcium for strength and protein to be flexible and water tight

30
Q

What is the prismatic layer?

A

between the peristractum and nacreous layer. interspersed calcium and protein. made up of some nacre and some conchiol

31
Q

What do terrestrial mollusks have for lungs?

A

pneuostomes

32
Q

Where is the anus located on a mollusks?

A

over their head because their body wraps around itself causing the digestive system to be twisted

33
Q

what are the dart sacs?

A

sacs that holds calcium spears

34
Q

What is a mollusks nephridia system called?

A

metanephridia

35
Q

are mollusks monoecious or dioecious?

A

they are both monoecious or dioecious depending on the species

36
Q

how many larva stages of a mollusk?

A

2; trochophore and veliger. which is done by metamorphosis

37
Q

What is the life cycle of a mollusk?

A

sexual reproduction –> fertilized egg –> blastula –> trochophore —> veliger –> adult

38
Q

What are monoplacophorans?

A

-has a single shell/plate that covers their body
-benthic scavengers
-sometimes call them living fossils
-creeping foot
-serial repetition

39
Q

What is serial repetition?

A

body plan is repeated over and over again sequentially. all systems are repeated except the digestive system. gives way to “segmentation”

40
Q

What are polyplacorphans?

A
  • many shells
  • 8 dorsal plates
  • mantle that goes over their plates for extra protection
  • head foot used for suction into intertitial zones
  • has the ability to trace back to its home rock if washed away or knocked off it
  • protection ways: dont leave home or roll up tight into a shell
  • common name: chitons
  • subradular organs
41
Q

What are subradular organs?

A

specialized tentacles that goes under their radula that tastes food for toxins

42
Q

Describe polyplacophoran

A

-complete digestive system
-gills on the lateral sides of their bodes, brings in water across their sides, filters oxygen and releases gametes and metabolic waste
-aorta that spits blood and nutrients around and flows back into the heart to circulate
-osiphraria and special sensory organs

43
Q

How do polyplacophorans reproduce and develop?

A

only has a single stage: embryo –> trochophore –> adult

44
Q

What are scaphopods and how they eat?

A

-tusks/toothed shells
-mantle cavity secrets a shell on itself and grows upward to build a tubular shell
-stick themselves in the sand and part of its sticks out in the water
-ciliva grooves that funnels water through their body to the sand release gametes and respirates during this process.
-ocean nutrients get stuck within the sand: uses captacula to rummage

45
Q

what are the most diverse class of mollusk?

A

Gastropoda

46
Q

what class has the most interesting behavior and incredibly intelligent

A

cephalopoda

Zoology (17 decks)

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