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College classes > Zoology Exam6 Slides 2 > Flashcards

Zoology Exam6 Slides 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Electron energy pumps what in the ETC?

A

Protons

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2
Q

Proton gradient drives what in ETC?

A

ATP synthase (chemiosmosis)

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3
Q

What does Oxidative phosphorylation consist of?

A

ETC and chemiosmosis

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4
Q

Aerobic respiration produces what?

A

ATP

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5
Q

What does Anaerobic respiration produce?

A

ATP without O2

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6
Q

This happens if O2 is limited and only happens in glycolysis.

A

Fermentation

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7
Q

What does Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme do?

A

Oxidizes NADH

Reduces pyruvate from glycolysis

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8
Q

What does NAD+ recycling do?

A

Sustains glycolysis

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9
Q

The unharvested electron energy is removed with what in glycolysis?

A

Lactate

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10
Q

What happens to lactate after glycolysis?

A

Recycled into glucose or oxidized later

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11
Q

What does the cell theory state?

A

All organisms are composed of cells built from polymers.

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12
Q

What are cells?

A

Smallest unit of life

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13
Q

How do new cells arise?

A

Cell division

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14
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain what type of nucleus?

A

Membrane-bound nucleus

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15
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

Chromatin / chromosomes

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16
Q

What does the primary hierarchical DNA structure include?

A

Single strand-sugar-phosphate backbone
Phosphodiester bonds
5’-to-3’

17
Q

What does the secondary Hierarchical DNA structure include?

A 
Base pairing 
Separate strands-anti parallel
5-3 one strand
3-5 paired strand
Bonded together with H bonds
18
Q

What is the Tertiary structure?

A

Helix shape

Twisting and bending

19
Q

What is the Quaternary structure?

A

Chromatin/chromosomes
Integrated proteins
Coiling, folding

20
Q

What makes up chromosomes / chromatin?

A

40% DNA, 60% protein

21
Q

What does a Nucleosome consist of?

A

A Histone core with DNA wrapped around it.

22
Q

What is a solenoid?

A

Clumps of Nucleosomes

23
Q

What is a Nucleosome?

A

Basic subunit of chromatin / chromosomes

Containing DNA and 8 histones

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