Unit 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
An organism that obtains its energy from inorganic compounds.
Lithotrophy
A virus that lives within a bacterium, replicating itself and eventually destroying the bacterial cell.
Bacteriophage
The ability of some micro-organisms to alter their shape or size in response to environmental conditions.
Pleomorphic
The energy currency of life. It’s job is to store and supply the cell with needed energy.
ATP
Molecules that transport the electrons to the mitochondria, where the cell can harvest energy stored in the electrons.
NADH/FADH
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis
The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
Fermentation
A chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound.
Electron acceptor
A structure within which spores are produced.
Sporangium
A fungus which grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship.
Mycorrhizae
A temporary protrusion of the protoplasm.
Pseudopod
A member of a group of microorganisms that require other living cells for growth.
Rickettsia
One of two cycles of viral reproduction.
Lysogenic cycle
The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones.
Catabolism
The synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy.
Anabolism
An organism made up of a multinucleate, continuous mass of protoplasm enclosed by one cell wall, as in some algae and fungi.
Coenocytic
The force that promotes movement of protons across membranes downhill the electrochemical potential.
Proton potential (PMF)
A type of asexual reproduction in which a new individual or branch develops from an outgrowth on the body of a plant or certain lower animals.
Budding
A protein present in the bacterium that transports protons across the cytoplasmic membrane when illuminated.
Bacteriorhodopsin
A disease of sheep involving the central nervous system.
Scrapie
An infectious agent composed of misfolded protein.
Prion
