Unit 4 Microbial Genetics

Question 1

Enzyme responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence.

Answer 1

RNA polymerase

Question 2

Contains RNA and protein, facilitates translation.

Answer 2

Ribosome

Question 3

Transfer of a plasmid from one cell to another cell.

Answer 3

Conjugation

Question 4

Process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector.

Answer 4

Transduction

Question 5

An enzyme that cuts the DNA molecule at, or near to, a specific nucleotide sequence (palindromes).

Answer 5

Restriction Endonuclease

Question 6

Use of computational tools to acquire, analyze, store and access DNA and protein sequences.

Answer 6

Bioinformatics

Question 7

Method to make exact copies of a DNA sequence in a test tube using Taq polymerase.

Answer 7

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 8

Extra-chromosomal circular DNA molecule.

Answer 8

Plasmid

Question 9

Transformation, transduction, conjugation.

Answer 9

Three methods of lateral gene transfer in bacteria

Question 10

Protein that makes an exact copy of the bacterial genome.

Answer 10

DNA polymerase complex

Question 11

Process to make an RNA copy of the DNA molecule.

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

Uptake of naked DNA molecules by a competent bacterial cell.

Answer 12

Transformation

Question 13

Converts mRNA to a polypeptide (protein).

Answer 13

Translation

Question 14

Segment of DNA that can move from one DNA molecule to another DNA molecule.

Answer 14

Transposon

Question 15

Can result from a change in a single base on the DNA genome.

Answer 15

Mutation

Question 16

Sequence of 3 DNA or RNA nucleotides.

Answer 16

Codon

Question 17

Seals nicks in the DNA backbone between adjacent nucleotides.

Answer 17

Ligase

Question 18

The study of all the RNA molecules within a cell.

Answer 18

Transcriptomics

Question 19

This genetic molecule can confer a genetic advantage to a cell but is not necessary for the cell to survive.

Answer 19

Plasmid

Question 20

This carries the gene sequence to be converted to protein.

Answer 20

mRNA

Question 21

Molecule that carries RNA bases to the ribosome.

Answer 21

tRNA

Question 22

Genomic analysis of DNA or RNA from an environment sample containing organisms that have not been isolated.

Answer 22

Metagenomics

Question 23

Total complement of metabolic molecules and intermediates produced by a cell.

Answer 23

Metablome

Question 24

The community of microorganisms living together in a particular habitat.

Answer 24

Microbiome