Zoology: An Introduction Flashcards
it is the fundamental sources of basis or knowledge in zoology
Principles of Modern Zoology
Principles of Modern Zoology derived from the laws of _____ and _____
Physics and Chemistry
Three (3) Principles of Modern Zoology
- All animals obey the laws of thermodynamics.
- All Animals consist of membrane-encased cells.
- All animals arose in an evolutionary process.
why is law #1 (All animals obey the laws of thermodynamics), fundamental?
It governs energy transformations and mass distribution.
why is law #1 (All animals obey the laws of thermodynamics) necessary for law #2 (All animals consist of membrane-encased cells)?
It is necessary because cells that comprise animals are open systems that allow both mass and energy to cross their membranes
what law suggests that “the cell contains the genetic code” which is universal?
Law #2: All animals consist of membrane-encased cells
law #3 (All animals arose in an evolutionary process) predicts the ______ of all animals on Earth, and that their similarity and differences are programmed in the _______.
- relatedness
- DNA
it is found in the cell;
related to law #2 (All animals consist of membrane-encased cells) because life shares a common origin
DNA
Zoology is a subset of ____ that fall under Domain ______.
- Biology
- Eukaryota
Domain Eukaryota is also known as _______ which comes from the Greek words “Eu” which means ______, and “karyon” which means _______.
- Eukarya
- true
- nucleua
Domain Eukaryota suggests that all members of the group are provided by _____ and _______
- true nucleus
- membrane-bound organs
Three (3) Domains:
- Domain Eukaryota
- Domain Bacteria
- Domain Archaea
which domain includes the prokaryotes?
Domain Bacteria & Domain Archaea
______ is the science of animals coined in the _____ from Modern Latin “Zoologia” and from the Greek words “zoon” and “-logos” which means _____ and _____ consecutively.
- Zoology
- 1600’s
- animal
- study of
Ten (10) major fields in Biology: (Z, B, M, S, P, G, C&MB, DB, EB, E)
- Zoology
- Botany
- Microbiology
- Systematics
- Physiology
- Genetics
- Cells and Molecular Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Ecology
about _____ of animals have already been described and named;
over a ______ fresh species are named, described, and discovered every year
- half a million
- hundred
specializations in Zoology are classified into two (2), namely:
- Taxonomic Category
- Subdiscipline
specializations in zoology based on taxonomic category:
(A
E
H
H
I
M
M
O
P
P)
- Arachnology
- Entomology
- Helminthology
- Herpetology
- Ichthyology
- Malacology
- Mammalogy
- Ornithology
- Parasitology
- Protozoology
specializations of zoology based on subdisciplines:
A
C
E
E
G
H
M
M
O
P
S
- Anatomy
- Cytology
- Ecology
- Embryology
- Genetics
- Histology
- Molecular Biology
- Morphology
- Ontogeny
- Physiology
- Systematics
study of arachnids
Arachnology
study of insects
Entomology
study of worms
Helminthology
study of amphibians and reptiles
Herpetology
study of fishes
Ichthyology
study of mollusks
Malacology
study of mammals
Mammalogy
study of birds
Ornithology
study of animals that live in or on other organisms at the expense of the host
Parasitology
study of protozoans
Protozoology
Study of the structure of entire organisms and their parts
Anatomy
Study of the structure and function of cells
Cytology
Study of the structure, function, and evolution of the genetic composition of group of animals using computer-based computational methods
Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics
study of the interaction of organisms with their environment
Ecology
study of the development of an animal from the fertilized egg to birth or hatching
Embryology
study of the mechanisms of transmission of traits from parents to offspring
Genetics
study of tissues
Histology
study of the subcellular details of structure and function
Molecular Biology
study of structures as to form and shape especially viewed as a whole
Morphology
study of the development of an individual
Ontology
study of the function of organisms and their parts
Physiology
study of the classification of, and the evolutionary interrelationships among, animal groups
Systematics
three (3) things zoologists strive to understand:
- The origin of animal diversity
- How animals perform basic life processes
- How they are able to inhabit various ecosystems
four (4) reasons for studying zoology
- It provides insight as to “how” life works
- Higher mammals provide especially useful insight into the human world
- Animals also have a great impact on our lives
- Conservation of threatened or endangered species
