Skeletal System Flashcards
Skeleton transmits the force generated by muscle contraction, providing _______ and for _______
- support for maintenance of posture
- movement and locomotion
Skeleton often serves to amplify the ______________
displacement, the velocity or the force of muscle contraction
2 major categories of skeleton
- non-rigid
- rigid
2 major categories of skeleton
- non-rigid
- rigid
hydrostatic skeleton is ______
non-rigid
water pressure inside an earthworm is an example of _____ skeleton
non-rigid
bones inside the human hand is an example of ______
endoskeleton
the shell outside a snail is an example of _____
exoskeleton
inn hydrostatic skeleton, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements but instead by ________
internal pressure
skeleton is _____
(rigid or non-rigid)
rigid
2 variations of skeleton
- endoskeleton
- exoskeleton
exoskeleton is secreted by the ______
epidermis
exoskeleton is secreted by the ______
epidermis
exoskeleton can be:
- chitin exoskeleton
- calcium carbonate exoskeleton
functions of the skeletal system
- support
- movement
- protection
- blood production
- storage
5 types of bone
- long bone
- short bone
- irregular bone
- sesamoid bone
- flat bone
example of long bone
humerus
example of short bone
caral bone
example of irregular bone
vertebra
example of flat bone
sternum
example of sesamoid bone
- patalla
bone formation and development (20
- intramembranous ossification
- endochondral ossification
intramembranous ossification =
- membrane / dermal bone
endochondral ossification =
cartilage bone / replacement bone
intramembranous ossification commences in ____
utero
this ossification continues on into adolescence
intramembranous ossification
bdvisions of the skeletal system
- axial
- appendicular
bones of the appendages and grdles
appendicular
bones of the head and the trunk
axialaxial skeleton includes:
bones of the head and the trunk
axial
axial skeleton includes:
- skull
- hyoid bone
- vertebral olumn
-bony thorax
structures of long bone:
-periosteum
- compact bone
- spongy bone
- bone marrow
fills the gaps between the spongy bone
bone marrow
lies beneath the periosteum
compact bone
covers bones
periosteum
lies beneath the compact bone
spongy bone
total number of cervical vertebrae
7
total number of thoracic vertebrae
12
total number of lumbar vertebrae
5
the only bone that does not articulate with another bonr
hyoid bone / apparatus
hyoid bone serves as a ____ base for the tongue, and other muscle attachments
movable
appendicular skeleton includes:
- pectoral girdle
- upper limbs
- pelvic girdle
- lower limbs
the skeletal framework that provides attachment for the forelimbs or pectoral fins
pectoral girdle
pectoral girdle includes:
- clavicle
- scapula
upper limbs include:
arms
pelvic girdle uncludes:
- sarcum
- coccyx
lower limbs include
- legs
bone articulations
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
sightly movable, bones are attached by cartilage, little movement
crtilginous
immovable articulation
fibrous
freely movable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints
synovial
cavities between bones are filled with ______
synovial fluid
examples of cartilaginous bones
spine or ribs
examples of fibrous bones
skull and pelvis
the skeletal framework that provides attachment for the hindlimbs or pelvic fins
pelvic girdle
6 types of joint
- plane joint
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- condyloid joint
- saddle joint
- ball-and-socket joint
clinical correlates of bones (under bone growth)
- longitudinal growth
- circumferential growth
clinical correlates of bones (under bone development)
- typical adult bone development
- aging
- women
longitudinal growth of bones stops at ____ y/o
18
- diameter increases throughou lifespan
- most rapid growth at childhood
- circumferential growth
other clinicalcorrelates of bones:
- bone hypertrophy and atrophy
- osteoporosis
- female athlete triad
a disorder involving decreased bone mass and strength with one or more resulting fractures
osteoporosis
reduced bone mineral density
osteopenia
