Muscular System Flashcards
provides force for movement in animals
muscle
prime mover or protagonist
flexor
will act opposite to the flexor or antagonist
extensor
helps the flexor
synergist
three types of muscles
- skeletal
- cardiac muscle
- smooth muscle
muscle cell =
muscle fiber
striated types of muscles
skeletal and cardiac
non-striated type of muscle
smooth or visceral
voluntary muscles
skeletal muscles
involuntary muscles
cardiac and visceral muscle
reason why muscles can aid for movement
presence of myofilaments
characteristics of muscles
- excitability / irritability
- contractability
- extensibility
- elastic
characteristics of skeletal muscle
- voluntary
- striated
- multinucleated
- attached by tendons to the bones
how to distinguish one muscle to another muscle
different muscle orientations
covers the entire skeletal muscle
epimysium
covers muscle bundles
perimysium
covers muscle fibers / cells
endomysium
attachments of skeletal muscle
- tendons
- aponeuroses
cord-like attachment
tendons
sheet-like attachment
aponeuroses
cause of striation
light and dark bands
functional unit of muscle fiber
sarcolemma
what causes the movement of muscle
sliding filament mechanism
[thin filament structure]
composed of _____ protein
actin
reason for muscle fatigue
oxygen debt
increasing ____ and lack of ____ causes the muscle to contract less
- acidity
- ATP
point of insertion and less movable
origin
distal and more movable
insertion
action
- bend
- flex
general actions of muscle
- prime mover
- antagonist
- synergist
4 facts about muscle contraction
- all or none
- not all fibers may be stimulated
- muscle force depends upon the number of stimulated muscle fibers
- can continue to contract unless they ran out of energy
6 ways of naming a muscle
- direction of muscle fibers
- relative size of the muscle
- location of the muscle
- number of origins
- shape of the muscle
- action of the muscle
musculature of frog
- axial
- appendicular
disorders related to muscular system
- muscular dystrophy
- duchenne MD
- myasthemia gravis
inherited disorder; muscle enlarge due to increased fat and connective tissue, but fibers degenerate and atrophy
muscular dystrophy
lacking a protein to maintain the sarcolemma
duchenne MD
progressive weakness due to a shortage of acetylcholine receptors
myasthemia gravis
energy for muscle contraction
- direct phosphorylation
- anaerobic glycolysis
- aerobic respiration
direct phosphorylation needs
creatine phosphate
anaerobic glycolysis needs
glucose
I band =
light band
A band =
dark band
H band
region at the center