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ZOO 201 > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

provides force for movement in animals

A

muscle

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2
Q

prime mover or protagonist

A

flexor

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3
Q

will act opposite to the flexor or antagonist

A

extensor

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4
Q

helps the flexor

A

synergist

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5
Q

three types of muscles

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac muscle
  • smooth muscle
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6
Q

muscle cell =

A

muscle fiber

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7
Q

striated types of muscles

A

skeletal and cardiac

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8
Q

non-striated type of muscle

A

smooth or visceral

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9
Q

voluntary muscles

A

skeletal muscles

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10
Q

involuntary muscles

A

cardiac and visceral muscle

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11
Q

reason why muscles can aid for movement

A

presence of myofilaments

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12
Q

characteristics of muscles

A
  • excitability / irritability
  • contractability
  • extensibility
  • elastic
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13
Q

characteristics of skeletal muscle

A
  • voluntary
  • striated
  • multinucleated
  • attached by tendons to the bones
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14
Q

how to distinguish one muscle to another muscle

A

different muscle orientations

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15
Q

covers the entire skeletal muscle

A

epimysium

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16
Q

covers muscle bundles

A

perimysium

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17
Q

covers muscle fibers / cells

A

endomysium

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18
Q

attachments of skeletal muscle

A
  • tendons
  • aponeuroses
19
Q

cord-like attachment

A

tendons

20
Q

sheet-like attachment

A

aponeuroses

21
Q

cause of striation

A

light and dark bands

22
Q

functional unit of muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

23
Q

what causes the movement of muscle

A

sliding filament mechanism

24
Q

[thin filament structure]

composed of _____ protein

A

actin

25
Q

reason for muscle fatigue

A

oxygen debt

26
Q

increasing ____ and lack of ____ causes the muscle to contract less

A
  • acidity
  • ATP
27
Q

point of insertion and less movable

A

origin

28
Q

distal and more movable

A

insertion

29
Q

action

A
  • bend
  • flex
30
Q

general actions of muscle

A
  • prime mover
  • antagonist
  • synergist
31
Q

4 facts about muscle contraction

A
  • all or none
  • not all fibers may be stimulated
  • muscle force depends upon the number of stimulated muscle fibers
  • can continue to contract unless they ran out of energy
32
Q

6 ways of naming a muscle

A
  • direction of muscle fibers
  • relative size of the muscle
  • location of the muscle
  • number of origins
  • shape of the muscle
  • action of the muscle
33
Q

musculature of frog

A
  • axial
  • appendicular
34
Q

disorders related to muscular system

A
  • muscular dystrophy
  • duchenne MD
  • myasthemia gravis
35
Q

inherited disorder; muscle enlarge due to increased fat and connective tissue, but fibers degenerate and atrophy

A

muscular dystrophy

36
Q

lacking a protein to maintain the sarcolemma

A

duchenne MD

37
Q

progressive weakness due to a shortage of acetylcholine receptors

A

myasthemia gravis

38
Q

energy for muscle contraction

A
  • direct phosphorylation
  • anaerobic glycolysis
  • aerobic respiration
39
Q

direct phosphorylation needs

A

creatine phosphate

40
Q

anaerobic glycolysis needs

A

glucose

41
Q

I band =

A

light band

42
Q

A band =

A

dark band

43
Q

H band

A

region at the center

ZOO 201 (16 decks)

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