Yellow Fever

Question 1

Explain the cycles of yellow fever

Answer 1

Sylvatic (jungle) - monkeys are reservoir. Aedes africanus in Africa, Haemogogus/Sabethes in South America

Intermediate (Savannah) - human and monkey vector

Urban - human reservoir, Aedes aegypti vector

Question 2

Symptoms of yellow fever

Answer 2

Most asymptomatic

ILI - fever, myalgia, back pain, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting

15% severe disease - high fever, renal failure, liver failure, jaundice (clues in the name), haemorrhagic fever- 20-50% fatality rate

Neurological complications - headache, photophobia, agitation, seizures, encephalopathy

Question 3

In which disease do you see Councilman Bodies and kupffer cells in the liver?

Answer 3

Yellow fever

Question 4

Why is yellow fever a risk to Europe?

Answer 4

Aedes albopictus can transmit YF and is present in Europe

Question 5

What are the two diseases linked to the yellow fever vaccine?

Answer 5

YEL-AVD - YF vaccine associated viscerotropic disease.

Onset within days of vaccine (1-18 days) resembles WT infection, high mortality, risk in 60 y +, immunosuppression, thyroid dysfunction

YEL-AND - YF vaccine associated neurological disease.

Onset within 30 days of vaccination. Meningoencephalitis, ADEM, GBS. Low mortality