Year 9 Term 2

Question 1

Metal atoms lose electrons during reactions and will always…

Answer 1

Form positive ions

Question 2

Non-metal atoms gain electrons and always…

Answer 2

Form negative ions

Question 3

Group one elements form

Answer 3

1+ ions

Question 4

Group 2 elements form

Answer 4

2+ ions

Question 5

Group 6 elements form

Answer 5

2- ions

Question 6

Group 7 elements form

Answer 6

1- ions

Question 7

Do compounds have a charge

Answer 7

No because charges must cancel out when working out the overall formula

Question 8

What do ionic compounds contain

Answer 8

Metals and non-metals

Question 9

What does dissolve mean

Answer 9

When some solids are out into a liquid like water, they appear to get smaller, some solids seem to disappear. This is called dissolving

Question 10

Decanting

Answer 10

Insoluble solid from liquid

Question 11

Filtration

Answer 11

Insoluble solid from liquid

Question 12

Evaporation

Answer 12

Solute from a solution

Question 13

Distillation

Answer 13

Solvent from a solution

Question 14

Fractional distillation

Answer 14

Mixture is miscible liquids

Question 15

Separating funnel

Answer 15

Mixture of miscible liquids

Question 16

Chromatography

Answer 16

Mixture of miscible liquids

Question 17

Soluble solute + solvent —>

Answer 17

Solution

Question 18

Insoluble solute + solvent —>

Answer 18

Solute + solvent

Question 19

What is chromatography

Answer 19

Separating the different inks in a pen. Each colour travels different distances. All inks in pen are water soluble and travel up chromatography paper. The greater the distance travelled, the more soluble it is

Question 20

Why do elements react

Answer 20

Because they want a full outer shell

Question 21

How do elements react

Answer 21

By gaining or losing an electron(s) from/to the outer shell

Question 22

Why are Nobel gases unreactive

Answer 22

Because they have a full outer shell so don’t need to gain/lose and electron

Question 23

Ionic bonding

Answer 23

Metals and non-metals
Outer electrons become delocalised
Produces positive ions and delocalised electrons

Question 24

Giant covalent bonds

Answer 24

Non-metals
Share electrons
Particles = atoms

Question 25

Covalent simple molecular bonding

Answer 25

Non-metals Share electrons Particles= molecules

Question 26

How are ions held together

Answer 26

They are held together by strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. The electrostatic force of attraction is called the ionic bond

Question 27

Why are ions in a giant structure held together so strongly

Answer 27

The force exerted by an ion on the other ions acts equally in all directions

Question 28

Why are metals always positively charged

Answer 28

Because they lose an electron

Question 29

Why are non-metals always negatively charged

Answer 29

Because they gain an electron

Question 30

Does solid sodium chloride conduct electricity?

Answer 30

No because it needs to be able to move freely (liquid) and solid can't.

Question 31

Does sodium chloride dissolved in distilled water conduct electricity

Answer 31

Yes because it can move freely and contains ions. Because they can move and carry a charge

Question 32

Can distilled water conduct electricity

Answer 32

No because it doesn't contain ions so doesn't conduct

Question 33

Does molten sodium chloride conduct electricity

Answer 33

Yes because it can move freely and contains ions so can carry a charge

Question 34

To conduct electricity particles need to...

Answer 34

Be able to move freely and particles need to have a charge

Question 35

Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water because...

Answer 35

They can move freely because it's a liquid and can conduct electricity because it's an ionic compound. Charged particles can carry a charge

Question 36

Ionic compounds do not conduct when solid because

Answer 36

They are solid so vibrate about a fixed point so the ions cannot move to terminals

Question 37

Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because

Answer 37

There is a strong force of attraction between ionic bonds so a lot of energy is needed to break attraction

Question 38

What is a covalent bond

Answer 38

A shared pair of electrons

Question 39

How to draw a covalent bond

Answer 39

Only draw the outer shell | Cl-Cl the line represent the covalent bond between the atoms

Question 40

Can covalent compounds conduct electricity

Answer 40

No because they don't have an overall charge

Question 41

Do simple molecular substances conduct electricity

Answer 41

No because they aren't electrically charged, they are neutral

Question 42

Why do simple molecular substances have a low melting and boiling point

Answer 42

Because there are weak forces between the molecules

Question 43

Why do covalent substances not conduct electricity

Answer 43

Because the molecules don't have an overall charge - don't contain free ions or electrons

Question 44

Why do diamond and graphite have a high melting and boiling point

Answer 44

Because there are many strong covalent bonds to break

Question 45

Why is diamond hard and why is graphite soft

Answer 45

Diamond is hard because the atoms are held together by many strong covalent bonds Graphite is soft because the layers of atoms can slide

Question 46

Why can't diamond conduct electricity and why can graphite conduct electricity

Answer 46

Diamond can't because there are no free electrons/ ions | Graphite can because it has an outer delocalised electron

Question 47

What does delocalised mean

Answer 47

Free to move if there is a delocalised electron, it can conduct electricity

Question 48

Buckminster fullerene

Answer 48

Arranged in pentagons, hexagons and spheres