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Chemistry > Year 10 Term 1 > Flashcards

Year 10 Term 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does zinc react with acid

A

Some bubbles, acid turns grey, some zinc has floated to the top, overtime zinc expands

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2
Q

How does iron react with acid

A

Lots of small bubbles rising to the surface, turns solution brown

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3
Q

How does cooper react with acid

A

No visible change

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4
Q

How does magnesium react with acid

A

Ferocious bubbling, steam produced, test tube hot to touch, turns solution cloudy

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5
Q

Extraction of iron

A

Wet match and role it in iron oxide
Bunsen burn about 1/3 of match, blow it out
Knock black ash into wayboat

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6
Q

Extraction of copper

A

Spatula of CuO in test tube
Spatula of Carbon is same test tube, shake
Put wool in top of test tube
Hold above Bunsen for 5 mins

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7
Q

Acid + metal oxide —>

A

Salt +water

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8
Q

Acid + hydroxide —>

A

Salt + hydrogen

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9
Q

Acid + carbonate

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What is electrolysis

A

Process whereby an ionic substance that is molten or dissolved is broken down into elements using electricity

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11
Q

Is anode negative or positive and what does it attract

A

Anode is positive and attracts negative ions

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12
Q

Is cathode positive or negative and what does it attract

A

Cathode is negative and attracts positive ions

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13
Q

What happens if there are metal ions of low reactivity e.g copper, silver, gold and platinum ions

A

They are discharged instead of H+ ions because they are easier to discharge because less reactive

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17
Q

What percentage of nitrogen is there in the atmosphere

A

78%

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18
Q

What was the earth like 4600 million years ago

A

Ball of molten rock, when cooled formed volcanoes which produced CO2, ammonia, methane and steam
As earth cooled more steam condensed as rain forming oceans
No ozone layer so UV rays to intense for anyone to live

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19
Q

When did creatures evolve

A

2 billion years ago near underwater volcanoes as this was were the nutrients were
First organisms become algae which took up CO2 and produced oxygen
Took a long time to build up to a high level

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20
Q

What happened when the oxygen levels built up

A

Some reacted to form the ozone layer shielding the earth from harmful UV rays (1 billion years ago)

21
Q

What happened half a billion years ago

A

Possible for organisms to live on land
Ammonia oxidised to nitrogen, methane levels dropped
Respiration carried out by animals producing CO2 and photosynthesis using it up and locking it up in sugars and producing oxygen

22
Q

Does respiration produce CO2

A

Fill test tube with 2cm of limewater
Use straw, blow gently into limewater, continue until you see a change
Limewater will turn cloudy if O2 is present

23
Q

Is CO2 acidic

A

Fill test tube with 2cm of distilled water
Add 2 drops of universal indicator noting colour change
Use straw and blow into solution until you see change
Solution will turn red/orange because CO2 is acidic

24
Q

Describe greenhouse effect

A

Ultraviolet radiation (short wavelength) from sun warms earths surface then radiates infrared (longer wavelength). This radiation goes back into space resulting in cooling effect and some radiation reflected off earths atmosphere (greenhouse gases) keeping earth warm

25
Q

What’s a carbon footprint

A

Make you leave on environment the more you use, the larger the carbon footprint

26
Q

How to reduce carbon footprint

A

Walks more
Grown own fruit and veg
Recycle waste

27
Q

Methane and carbon footprint

A

Second most abundant greenhouse gas cows release methane

28
Q

Nitrous oxide and carbon footprint

A

Produced when bacteria in soil produce it. Problem because of increased use of nitrous based fertilisers

29
Q

Effects of global climate change

A

Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up earlier, loss of sea ice, trees are flowering earlier

30
Q

How to prevent climate change

A

Chose renewable power
Buy organic and locally sourced food
Put waste in compost
Use buses or trains

31
Q

What’s combustion

A

burning- exothermic reaction, complete combustion is a plentiful supply of air, where there is excess of oxygen

32
Q

What’s incomplete combustion

A

Limited supply of air, produces carbon monoxide and water or carbon and water

33
Q

Effects of products of combustion

A

Water vapour harmless in smaller amounts
CO2 is greenhouse gas
Carbon monoxide is toxic
Un burned carbon is a particulate that can get into your lungs

34
Q

Where does crude oil come from

A

Fossils fuels and mud built up over millions of years increasing heat and pressure causing remains to brake down molecules that form crude oil and natural gas
Many compounds in crude oil only contain carbon and hydrogen called hydrocarbons

35
Q

What are alkanes

A

Most common hydrocarbon which general formula CnH2n+2

36
Q

Simplest alkane with formula

A 
Methane CH4
       H
        |
H—C—H
        |
       H
37
Q

The second simplest alkane with formula

A 
Ethane C2H6
       H    H
        |      |
H—C—C—H
        |      |
       H    H
38
Q

The third simplest alkane with formula

A 
Propane C3H8
       H    H    H
        |      |      |
H—C—C—C—H
        |      |      |
       H     H   H
39
Q

The fourth simplest alkane with formula

A 
Butane  C4H10
       H    H    H    H
        |      |      |      |
H—C—C—C—C—H
        |      |      |      |
       H     H   H    H
40
Q

What’s a molecular formula

A

Gives the number of atoms of each element in a molecule- nothing about the structure

41
Q

What’s a structural formula

A

Shows the atoms Sargon by carbon with the attached hydrogens

42
Q

What’s a displayed formula

A

Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them

43
Q

What percentage of oxygen is there in the atmosphere

A

21%

44
Q

What percentage of Nobel gases are there in the atmosphere

A

1%

45
Q

What percentage of carbon dioxide water vapour is there in the atmosphere

A

0.03%

Chemistry (13 decks)

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