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Chemistry > Year 9 Term 1 > Flashcards

Year 9 Term 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom made up of

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus and electron shell

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2
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons the element has

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3
Q

Number of protons=

A

Number of electrons

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4
Q

Mass number

A

Number of protons+ number of neutrons

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5
Q

Number of neutrons=

A

Mass number- atomic number

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6
Q

Atoms of the same element have the same number of

A

protons

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7
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom

A

0 because the charge of the protons and electron cancel each other out and neutrons are neutral so that adds up to 0

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8
Q

isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons (same number of protons and electrons)

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9
Q

First shell

A

Can only contain 2 electrons and has the lowest energy

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10
Q

Second shell

A

Can contain up to 8 electrons

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11
Q

Third shell

A

Can also contain up to 8 electrons

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12
Q

The last shell

A

Contains the remaining 3 or however many is left. Can contain more

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13
Q

Group number

A

Number of outer shells. Last digit on configuration

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14
Q

Period number

A

Number of shells. Number of digits in electronic configuration

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15
Q

The order of the elements

A

In order of atomic number low-high

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16
Q

The electronic structure of the elements

A

Each element has one more electron than the previous. The shells increase each time

17
Q

Metals and non-metals

A

A line separates the two. Looks like stairs. Metals on left, non-metals on the right

18
Q

Group 0- the noble gases

A

Elements are all non-metals. All elements have full outer shell. Don’t react with anything. They don’t need to gain or lose an electron. All react chemically in a similar way.

19
Q

Group 1 reactivity

A

They get more reactive the further down you go because they have more electrons.

  • more shells
  • greater distance between nucleus and outer shell
  • weaker attraction so easier to lose and electron
20
Q

Properties of group 1 metals

A 
Low density (all under 2g/cm3
Density increases as you go down the metals
Some float on water
m. point + b. point decrease as the reactivity decreases
Group 1 salts are all white
21
Q

Properties of transition metal

A 
High density (all over 7g/cm3
Density increases as you go down the metals
None float on water
m. point + b.point decreases an you go down the table
Transition metal salts are multi-coloured
22
Q

Properties of group 7 (halogen)

A

Each element is made up of 2 of the same atom bonded together
Melting and boiling point increase as you go down

23
Q

Very early periodic table

A

Lots of elements hadn’t been discovered
No transition metals
No Nobel gases

24
Q

Early periodic table

A

More accurate atomic weights
No Nobel gases
Increased number of elements
More obvious period

25
Q

Periodic table now

A

Has groups and periods

Has Nobel gases

26
Q

How were the elements arranged

A

There were arranged in order of atomic mass

27
Q

mendleev’s problems

A

He didn’t leave and gaps for undiscovered elements. Some elements had the wrong atomic weights and were put in the wrong places

28
Q

mendleev’s solutions

A

He left spaces in the table for undiscovered elements. He would put elements that were different into another group

29
Q

element

A

Contains only 1 type of atom

30
Q

compound

A

More than one type of atom chemically bonded

31
Q

molecule

A

Contains 2 or more atoms joined together. Can be the same of different

32
Q

mixture

A

A material that contains more than one type of substance

33
Q

Size of an atom

A

Radius= 0.1nm

34
Q

Oxides of metals and non-metals

A

Metals- basic

Non-metals- acidic

35
Q

How do sodium, lithium and potassium react with oxygen

A

They went dull very quickly

36
Q

How do sodium, lithium and potassium react with water

A

fizz, produce flame, produce hydrogen, turned indicator purple

37
Q

The further down the group you go, the softer they get meaning

A

They have a lower melting point. The lower down the group they got more reactive and more explosive

Chemistry (13 decks)

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