Year 3- Children's health and health promotion Flashcards
What does health promotion mean?
Any planned activity designed to enhance health or prevent disease.
What can health be affected by?
Genetics,
Access,
Environment
Lifestyle.
What 3 aspects of health can health promotion change?
Access,
Environment
Lifestyle.
What are the 3 theories of health Promotion Action?
Educational
Socioeconomic
Psychological
What is health promotion?
An overarching principle/activity which enhances health
It may be planned or opportunistic.
What does health promotion include?
Disease prevention
Health education
Health protection
What is health education?
An activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conducive to improvements in health.
What is health protection?
Collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual.
What are health protection activities?
They tend to be regulations or policies, or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being.
What is Empowerment?
The generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situations or act on the basis of their choices.
What are some benefits of empowerment?
An ability to resist social pressure.
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment.
A heightened consciousness of action.
What is primary prevention?
Measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury
Why is primary prevention good?
Reduces probability and/or severity of illness or injury
What is are examples of primary prevention?
Smoking cessation
Immunisation
What is example of secondary prevention in clinical practice?
Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent, or lessen symptomatology”
What criteria is used for screening?
Wilson’s criteria
What is Wilson’s criteria for screening?
The condition should be an important health problem
There should be an accepted treatment for patient with recognised disease
Facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available
There should be a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage
There should be a suitable test or examination
The test should be acceptable to the population
The natural history of the condition should be understood
What is Wilsons criteria for screening in terms of the illness?
The illness should be important
The natural history should be understood
There should be a recognisable pre-symptomatic stage
What is Wilsons criteria for screening in terms of the test?
The test for the illness should be: Easy Acceptable to the population Cost effective Sensitive and specific
What is Wilsons criteria in terms of the treatment?
The treatment should be
Acceptable
Cost effective
Outcome better if treated early
What is currently screened for in the UK?
Cancers
AAA
Diabetic retinopathy
Pregnancy screening
New born screening
What cancers are currently screened for in the UK?
Breast
Bowel
Cervical
What is currently screened for in pregnancy?
Pre-eclampsia and diabetes
Anaemia and blood group. Blood disorders e.g. thalassaemia and sickle cell
Viral infections e.g. HIV, Hep B, Syphilis, Rubella
Down’s syndrome and other chromosomal conditions
Baby and placental position
What are new born babies currently screened for in the UK?
Hearing Cataracts Congenital heart disease Hip dysplasia Undescended testes Guthrie test
What does the Guthrie test test for?
PKU
Hypothyroidism
sickle cell
CF
What does tertiary prevention involve?
Any intervention after the disease onset that limits the effect of the disease
Measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease
What are examples of tertiary prevention?
secondary prevention for stroke / MI
Analgesia and physiotherapy for OA
OT input for patients with MND or the provision of care support.
What 2 specialties in medicine are defined by age?
Paediatrics
Medicine for the Elderly
What is absent in both the old and the young?
Homeostasis- a tendency for stability
What 3 factors cause lung function to decline with age?
Normal development and aging
Environment and lifestyle
Disease
What factors can impact lifelong health?
Establishment of a healthy lifestyle
Role of parenting
What does Scotland have the highest incidence of premature death due to?
Heart disease
What type of diet can cause heart disease?
High saturated fats
Low fruit and veg
What role do parents have in life long health?
Habits and lifestyles established in adolescence
Smoking is more than twice as likely if your parents smoke
Neglect and abuse recur
What does the cycle of change involve?
Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Relapse
What does precontemplation involve?
No intention of changing behaviour
What is contemplation?
Aware a problem exists
No commitment to action
What is preparation?
Intent upon taking action
What is action?
Active modification of behaviour
What is maintenance?
Sustained change- new behaviour replaces old
What is relapse?
Fall back into old pattern of behaviour
