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FoPC > Environmental & Occupational Influences on Health > Flashcards

Environmental & Occupational Influences on Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Something with potential to cause harm

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2
Q

What is a risk?

A

The likelihood of harm occuring

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3
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

Increase the risk of harm

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4
Q

What is a protective factor?

A

Decrease the risk of harm

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5
Q

What is susceptibility?

A

Influences the likelihood that something will cause harm

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6
Q

What are different kinds of hazards?

A

Physical

Chemical

Mechanical

Biological

Psychological

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7
Q

What are different routes of exposure?

A

Skin

Blood/sexual

Inhalation

Ingestion

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8
Q

What are some factors that influence the degree of risk?

A

How much a person is exposed

How the person is exposed

Conditions of exposure

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9
Q

What does risk combine?

A

The probability that a particular outcome will occur and the severity of the harm involved

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10
Q

What can be said about risk to different people?

A

People perceive risk differently

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11
Q

What are the 3 principles that govern how people perceive risk differently?

A

Feeling in control (voluntary vs involuntary)

Size of the possible harm

Familiarity with the risk

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12
Q

Are voluntary or involuntary risk perceived as having greater risk?

A

Involuntary risk

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13
Q

What is involuntary risk?

A

Situations where we believe we have little control

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14
Q

What is voluntary risk?

A

Situations where we believe we have some control

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15
Q

How does familiarity of risk change the risk?

A

Risk that are less familiar with are perceived as being greater than familiar ones

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16
Q

What are individual variables in risk perception?

A

Previous experience

Attitudes towards risk

Values

Beliefs

Socio-economic factors

Personality

Demographic factors

17
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of risk from the environment?

A

Direct pathological effect

Indirect

18
Q

What are examples of direct environmental risks to health?

A

Physical (radiation, noise and vibration)

Chemical (pesticides, volotile organic compounds)

Biological (infectious agents, allergic substances)

19
Q

What are examples of indirect environmental risks to health?

A

Housing (overcrowing)

Transport (encouraging walking or not)

Town planning (access to amenities)

Income/wealth distribution

20
Q

What are different categories of hazourdous exposure?

A

Diet

Inhalation

Dermal

21
Q

What are examples of hazardous exposure from diet?

A

Fat

Salt

Bacteria

Pesticides

22
Q

What is example of hazardous exposure from inhalation?

A

Environmental tobacco smoke

Smoke

Asbestos

Legionella

23
Q

What are examples of hazardous exposure from dermal?

A

UV light

Bacteria

Cosmetics

24
Q

Why was asbestos used in construction?

A

Good insulating properties

25
Q

What do disasters lead to?

A

Exposure to hazardous agents

26
Q

What are examples of disasters leading to exposure of hazardous agents?

A

9/11 caused asbestos containing dust to be released

Industrial accident near Milan in 1976 caused exposure to TCDD

Pesticide plant released 40 tons of MIC gas by mistake in 1984

27
Q

How many fatal occupational health injuries occur in the UK each year?

A

144

28
Q

What line of work are most fatal occupational health injuries in?

A

Construction

29
Q

How many non-fatal occupational health injuries are there each year?

A

550,000

30
Q

How many deaths per year are due to past exposure to harmful working conditions?

A

12,000

31
Q

When was asbestos band?

A

1985

32
Q

What illnesses does asbestos cause?

A

Mesothelioma

Lung cancer

Asbestosis

33
Q

How many deaths per year does asbestos cause?

A

4500

34
Q

Do poorer people or rich people develop more health problems?

A

Poorer

35
Q

What does living in a time of rapid demographic and epidemiological transition lead to?

A

New infections and behavioural risks

36
Q

Why are Western healthcare models non-sustainable?

A

Being costly financially and on recources

37
Q

What do many local problems also have, when considering the bigger picture?

A

Consequences globally, global perspective improves our understanding of causes and solutions to local problems

FoPC (45 decks)

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