Year 2 Biomechanics - Projectile Motion Flashcards
Projectile motion
Movement of a curved body through the air following a curved flight path under the force of gravity
Projectile
A body that is launched into the air losing contact with the ground surface.
Example: Discus, Long jumper (athlete, ball, Javelin)
Bernoulli principle
Creation of an additional lift force on a projectile in flight resulting from Bernoulli’s conclusion that the higher the velocity of air flow, the lower the surrounding pressure.
Magnus effect
Creation of an additional Magnus force on a spinning projectile which deviates from the flight path
Magnus Force
A force created from a pressure gradient on opposing surfaces of spinning body moving through the air
Parabola
Uniform curve
Parabolic flight path
- Symetrical flight path
- Weight is dominent force with low air resistance
- Example: Shot put
• High mass
•Low velocity
•Small cross-sectional area
•Smooth surface
Non parabolic flight path
- Asymmetrical flight path
- Air resistance is dominent and weight is small
- Badminton example
•Low mass
• High velocity
•Uneven surface
LEADS TO HIGH AIR RESISTANCE
Parallelogram of forces
- Resultant Forces Closer to weight = weight dominant = Parabolic
- Resistance Force closer to air resistance arrow = Air resistance = Non-parabolic
Air resistance
The force that opposes the direction of motion of a body through the air
Drag
The force that opposes the direction of motion of a body through the water
Streamlining
The creation of smooth air flow around an aerodynamic shape
Aero foil
A streamlined shape with a curved upper surface and flat lower surface designed to give an additional lift force to a body
Lift force
An additional force created by a pressure gradient forming on opposing surfaces of an aerofoil moving through a fluid
Resultant Force
The sum of all forces acting on the projectile
