Y13 Transition metals Flashcards
d-block element definition
Highest energy electron is in the d subshell
Transition metal definition
A d-block element that forms at least one ion with a partially full d subshell
What are the electron configurations for Cr and Cu (different to other d-block elements)?
Cr: 4s1 3d5
Cu: 4s1 3d10
Why are Sc and Zn d-block elements but not transition metals?
Zn: Only ion formed by Zn is Zn2+ which has a full 3d subshell
Sc: Only ion formed by Sc is Sc3+ which as an empty 3d subshell
What is the systematic name of FeO?
Iron (II) oxide
What are the 4 catalysts for the Haber process, contact process, hydrogenation of an alkene, and decomposition of H2O2?
Haber process: iron
Contact process: vanadium (V) oxide
Hydrogenation of an alkene: nickel
Decomposition of H2O2: manganese (IV) oxide
What are the colours of transition metal ions in solution?
Cu2+: blue
Fe2+: pale green
Fe3+: orange-brown
Mn2+: pale pink
Cr3+: violet
What are the observations of transition metals on addition of NaOH?
Cu2+: blue ppt.
Fe2+: green ppt.
Fe3+: orange-brown ppt.
Mn2+: light brown ppt.
Cr3+: green ppt.
What is the equation for the addition of NaOH to Cu2+?
Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) –> Cu(OH)2(s)
What are the further changes on addition of NaOH?
Fe2+: green ppt. –> orange-brown ppt.
Cr3+: green ppt. –> green solution
Write the complex ion of Fe3+ in solution
[Fe(H2O)6]3+
Complex ion definition
Central metal ion surrounded by ligands
Ligand definition
Molecule or ion that donates a lone pair of electrons to a central metal ion, forming a coordinate bond
What are the steps to drawing a complex ion?
- Central metal ion
- Bonds (3D)
- Atom in ligand donating e- pair
- Rest of ligand
- Brackets and charge
Monodentate ligand definition
Donates one lone pair of e- to the central metal ion to form one coordinate bond
Bidentate ligand definition
Donates 2 lone pairs of e- to the central metal ion to form 2 coordinate bonds
How can NH2CH2CH2NH2 act as a bidentate ligand?
Each nitrogen has a lone pair of e- which can be donated to the central metal ion to form 2 coordinate bonds
Stereoisomerism definition
Same molecular and structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the space
What bond angles will the ligands have in cis and trans isomers?
Cis: 90°
Trans: 180°
What is the importance of cis-platin?
Drug used in chemotherapy as an anti-cancer drug by binding to cancerous DNA and preventing DNA replication - trans isomer not as effective
Optical isomerism definition
Form of stereoisomerism in which the 2 isomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other
When can optical isomerism occur?
- 3 molecules/ions of a bidentate ligand
- 2 bidentate ligands and 1 monodentate ligand
What is the observation when excess NH3 is added to [Cu(H2O)6]2+?
Blue solution to deep blue solution
What is the observation when excess NH3 is added to [Cr(H2O)6]3+?
Green ppt. to purple solution