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Chemistry > Y13 Amines, amides, and amino acids/polymers/stereoisomers > Flashcards

Y13 Amines, amides, and amino acids/polymers/stereoisomers Flashcards

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1
Q

What are primary, secondary, and tertiary amines?

A

Primary: 1 carbon chain bonded to N
Secondary: 2 carbon chains bonded to N
Tertiary: 3 carbon chains bonded to N

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2
Q

When is the suffix -amine used when naming amines?

A

When the amine is at the end of the alkyl chain

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3
Q

When is the prefix x-amino- used?

A

When a primary amine isn’t on carbon 1

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4
Q

When are the prefixes di-x-amine or tri-x-amine used?

A

When secondary/tertiary amines contain the same alkyl group

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5
Q

When is the prefix N-x-amine used?

A

When 2 or more different alkyl groups are attached to the N (secondary/tertiary) - SHORTEST CHAIN FIRST

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6
Q

How can an amine behave as a base?

A

Lone pair of e- on N atom can be donated to H+ to form a dative covalent bond

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7
Q

What is formed when an amine reacts with an acid?

A

Alkylammonium ion

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8
Q

What is the salt formed when methylamine reacts with nitric acid?

A

CH3NH3+NO3-

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9
Q

What are the reagents, conditions and type of reaction for the conversion of a haloalkane to a primary aliphatic amine?

A

Reagents: Excess NH3, then NaOH
Conditions: Ethanol (solvent)
Type: Nucleophilic substitution

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10
Q

Why are ethanol and excess NH3 used when making a primary aliphatic amine?

A

Ethanol: Prevents any substitution reaction of the haloalkane with water
Excess NH3: Reduces further substitution of the amine group to form secondary/tertiary amines

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11
Q

What are the 2 steps to making a primary aliphatic amine?

A
  1. Substitution
  2. Neutralisation
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12
Q

What are the reagents, types of reaction, and conditions for each stage of preparing an aromatic amine from nitrobenzene?

A

Reagents:
1. Sn/conc. HCl
2. Excess NaOH

Type of reaction:
1. Reduction
2. Neutralisation

Conditions: Reflux

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13
Q

What reacts together to form an amide?

A

Acyl chloride reacts with NH3/an amine

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14
Q

What are the 2 ways an amide can be hydrolysed and which bond breaks?

A
  1. Reflux with aqueous acid
  2. Reflux with aqueous base

Bond between C=O and N breaks

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15
Q

What happens in acid conditions when hydrolysing an amide?

A

N atoms are protonated

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16
Q

What happens in base conditions when hydrolysing an amide?

A

COOH groups lose H+ to become COO- ions

17
Q

What is the general formula of an alpha amino acid?

A

RCH(NH2)COOH

18
Q

What makes an amino acid alpha?

A

When the COOH group and NH2 group are bonded to the same C

19
Q

How are amino acids named?

A

COOH is the first carbon because it takes priority, x-amino is the prefix

20
Q

When does the NH2 group of an amino acid act as a base?

A

In acid conditions - becomes NH3+Cl-

21
Q

When does the COOH group of an amino acid act as an acid?

A

In base/alkaline conditions - becomes COO-Na+

22
Q

What must an organic molecule have in order to show optical isomerism?

A

A chiral carbon

23
Q

What is a chiral carbon?

A

Carbon bonded to 4 different atoms/groups

24
Q

Condensation polymer definition

A

Monomers joined together by the elimination of a small molecule (water or HCl)

25
Q

What are the 2 ways a polyester can be formed?

A
  1. 2 monomers, 1 with 2 COOH groups and 1 with 2 OH groups
  2. 1 monomer with a COOH group reacts with another monomer with an OH group
26
Q

What do you put before the H2O that goes with a repeat unit?

A

(2n-1) H2O

27
Q

What are the 2 ways polyamides can be formed?

A
  1. COOH with NH2
  2. Acyl chloride with NH2
28
Q

What should you always check after drawing a polymer/repeat unit?

A

That the ends are DIFFERENT

29
Q

Which types of polymer can undergo hydrolysis and which type can’t?

A

Condensation polymers can, addition polymers (alkenes) can’t

30
Q

What are the 2 different conditions that can be used for polymer hydrolysis?

A

Acidic and alkaline

31
Q

What must you remember when drawing monomers after a polymer has undergone acidic/alkaline hydrolysis?

A

Acidic: NH2 will become NH3+
Alkaline: COOH will become COO-

Chemistry (29 decks)

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