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Chemistry > Y13 Equilibrium > Flashcards

Y13 Equilibrium Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homogeneous equilibria?

A

All reactants and products in the same physical state

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2
Q

What is heterogeneous equilibria?

A

Reactants/products NOT in same physical state

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3
Q

What is emitted from the Kc expression in heterogeneous equilibria?

A

Solids and liquids (g and aq stay in)

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4
Q

How is Kc calculated for the reverse reaction?

A

1 / Kc

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5
Q

What affects the value of Kc or Kp?

A

Temperature ONLY - changes in conc or pressure can lead to a shift in equilibrium but only to restore the value of Kc/Kp

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6
Q

Which brackets are used in a Kc expression?

A

Square [A]

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7
Q

Which brackets are used in a Kp expression?

A

Rounded p(A)

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8
Q

How are Kc expressions written?

A

Kc = [products] / [reactants]

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9
Q

How are Kp expressions written?

A

Kp = p(products) / p(reactants)

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10
Q

What does p(A) mean?

A

Partial pressure of A

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11
Q

How is the mole fraction calculated?

A

number of moles of A / total moles

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12
Q

How is partial pressure calculated?

A

mole fraction x total pressure

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13
Q

For this reaction: 2A + B <> C. Work out the equilibrium moles for B and C. Start moles: A (2 mol), B (1 mol), C (0 mol). Equilibrium moles: A (0.2 mol).

A

Work out the change from start moles to equilibrium moles for A. B will have the same change except halved because of molar ratio. C will have the same change as B except the opposite symbols (addition instead of subtraction because it’s on the other side of the equation)

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14
Q

What is the experiment used to determine Kc?

A

Esterification (carboxylic acid + alchohol <> water + ester)

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15
Q

What is the set-up for the experiment used to determine Kc?

A

2 beakers - one with reaction mixture (carbox. acid, alcohol + acid catalyst), one with the control (acid catalyst ONLY), bung on each beaker

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16
Q

How long should the experiment to determine Kc be left?

A

1 week - allows dynamic equilibrium to be reached

17
Q

How is the experiment used to determine Kc carried out?

A

Titration - used to determine moles of carbox. acid
1. Use NaOH of known conc.
2. Titrate each flask using suitable indicator
3. Moles of acid calculated from titration INCLUDE acid catalyst

18
Q

How is the moles of carboxylic acid in the experiment used to determine Kc calculated?

A

total moles of acid - moles of acid catalyst = moles of carbox. acid

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